This is for educational purposes since these methods will be very hard to follow for average person but I find this information very interesting and I think you'll feel this way too. That's why I want to share it with you.
Chinese professor and his colleagues discovered this method during a failed experiment. Long story short, they printed text and patterns on paper with MOF ink. When they sprayed n-Butanol & Methylammonium bromide mixture, images become visible in some minutes.
In this experiment, they used a non-luminescent MOF that isn't exposed to UV lights. Instead, it exposes to UV once it gets converted from a MOF to perovskite nanocrystals. MOF precursors for ink are easy and cheap and information stored by the MOF ink is stable. While the Pb in lead halide is toxic, they already successfully replaced it with non-toxic tin. I know this line is hard to understand but I think this news means that in future paper wallet fans may have advanced ink for further protection.
[Source 1],
[Source 2]
But now, here comes a role of artificial intelligence that makes this method even deadlier. In this experiment, they used Carbon nanoparticles unlike non-luminescent MOF which is superior in this case.
This is a brief quote: Advances in artificial intelligence can ensure that messages are only decipherable on properly trained computers. So, Weiwei Zhao, Kang Li, Jie Xu and colleagues wanted to train an AI model to identify and decrypt symbols printed in a fluorescent carbon nanoparticle ink, revealing hidden messages when exposed to UV light. They taught an AI model, composed of multiple algorithms, to recognize symbols illuminated by UV light and decode them using a special codebook. Finally, they tested the AI model’s ability to decode messages printed using a combination of both regular red ink and the UV fluorescent ink. With 100% accuracy, the AI model read the regular ink symbols as “STOP”, but when a UV light was shown on the writing, the invisible ink illustrated the desired message “BEGIN”. Because these algorithms can notice minute modifications in symbols, this approach has the potential to encrypt messages securely using hundreds of different unpredictable symbols, the researchers say.
[Source 3]
It's late evening and somehow my mind was thinking about creative & secure methods for paper wallet