btw, i had ledger live and electrum installed on my phone and they both support hw wallets.
Unless I'm missing some new changes, Electrum for Android doesn't support HW.
Just look up my post for the wallets I've used with my Ledger on Android.
About the cable I don't know what is wrong, but it looks to me it's not a working otg/data cable.
I used an adapter from normal USB (A) to USBC and I use the stock Ledger cable with the adapter and it works. With the previous phone I used the same Ledger S with the same cable, just the adapter was USB (A) to microUSB.