I know that I'm replying to an old topic, but I noticed nobody did a year ago. Better late than never. Note that the theoretical background has changed quite a bit since October 2023.
If you have any other questions, don't hesitate to make them in one of the following two topics:
Ark's official site is now at:
https://arkdev.info/.
I am aware that the output of a vTXO is a psbt binary tree, where each leaf represents a vTXO.
That's not accurate. A VTXO is a leaf of the VTXO tree. This tree is created, not by the output of a VTXO, but by a shared output. Think of a shared output as a locking tapscript, which can be unlocked either by the user by unrolling the tree anytime, or by the ASP after a specified timeout.
Is the connector (binary tree) format the same? Or does it split the connector's output into X dust outputs using a single (virtual) psbt?
The connectors follow the same approach, as with VTXO. There is a connector tree. When a new round transaction is initiated, for every VTXO the ASP creates, there is a connector output from the next round.
Read more in here:
https://arkdev.info/docs/learn/concepts.