First is obviously the fact that when you say "cold storage" and "airgap" it means absolutely no connection to the outside world.
"No connection to the outside world" sounds a bit of an absolute. If there is no connection to the outside world, then how can you make and transfer transactions with it?
Instead, I'd rather say "being airgapped means incapable to connecting to any
network". Having a wireless network adapter, even if disabled from your operating system, does not make a machine airgapped. However, being able to transfer text in the form of QR codes, does not connect my machine to any network, nor does it allow the network connected computer to infect it in some manner.
Plugging USB sticks back and fourth is quite hard to decide if it passes the test, because it does not connect the computer to a network, but it might be able to infect it somehow if the network connected one injects a malware. Maybe a security expert can clears this out.