I've been out of the mining game for a while and I'm considering getting back into it. I'm looking at getting a high-end desktop computer with a single powerful GPU (
https://fenn.systems/build/njord-maxx/ with i9 & 4090).
Given the advancements in mining technology and the increasing difficulty of mining, is it still feasible to mine Bitcoin in 2024 with just this setup?
The simple answer is no.
Even the fastest GPU's are no where near good enough to achieve the hash rates required to compete simply adding more GPU's is just hugely inefficient and no comparison to ASIC mining.
Depending on how deep you want to go and if you're just interested in solo-pool mining, you can get entry level ASIC miners like Gekko Science Compac F or Compac A2 that'll do a few hundred GH/s or similarly BitAxe devices offer the same kind of performance with solo its a chance of hitting a block but at much lower energy cost a few 10's - 100's of watts.
If you want to mine for coins PPLNS instead of solo, you'll need a much bigger ASIC miner that'll do 100's TH/s in order to break even these run in the region of 3000+ Watts depending on configuration, Bitmain Antminer's being the most prominent.
You should check out some of the mining efficiency calculators before committing to buy a rig though as you could quite quickly find that you end up in negative equity with it and never recover costs, which is why for entry level solo-pool mining is quite popular.