By the way if you want to see EU's so called "might" and the way China sees them, just check out the video of the recent visit of the EU leaders to China (China-EU summit) and how they were received.
The Chinese officials didn't even receive them at their plane, these EU leaders were just put them on a bus like peasants and were brought forth to the Chinese president to kiss his hands

Remember this? Compare that to how China received Indian Prime Minister, Modi who just visited China for the SCO summit thing. Or other members like Iran...

Artesh (National Army/Conventional Armed Forces),
One of the reasons I doubt your sources is little stuff like this, maybe I'm reading too much into them but there are a bunch of these things. For example using the term Army to define Artesh. You see when translating from Persian to English or vice versa, there is this common mistake where they
translate Army as ارتش (reads Artesh). This is a common mistake I see in, lets just say "certain" sources.
tasked with maintaining traditional territorial defense (land, air, and sea) inherited from the previous regime, which is professional and politically neutral. The IRGC (Pasdaran/Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution), formed by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979 after the Islamic Revolution. Its task is to protect the revolution, the ideology of the Islamic Republic, and the clerical leadership (Rahbar/Supreme Leader).
Mostly wrong.
Both Artesh and Sepah are branches of the military and with the Faraja (police) form the Armed Forces of Iran. They each have similar responsibilities (air force, navy, army, air defense, etc.) with different tactics therefore different equipment.
For example the Artesh navy is referred to as the "strategic navy" and has the big vessels (Heavy Submarines, Afloat Forward Staging Base, Aircraft Carrier, etc.) while Sepah navy is mostly known for is high speed and overwhelm with numbers tactics (has the light/small stealth submarines, ultra-fast missile boats, etc).
The IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Pasdaran) is indeed part of the Iranian armed forces, but it holds a unique position, more important and politically superior than the regular military (Artesh).
Wrong. By law, members of military are prohibited from getting involved in the politics. For example in case of IRGC if any of them is seen breaking that law, they'll have to answer to "internal intelligence protection" (it's like internal affairs).
I believe this is the article in Iran's constitution:
https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/91404In article 6.B. it clearly states that members of the armed forces are absolutely prohibited from entering politics, joining political parties, etc.
If we consider the IRGC as a whole, the answer isn't paramilitary, but within the IRGC, there are units that are indeed paramilitary in nature. One branch of the IRGC is the Basij (a paramilitary people's militia numbering millions of men, students, workers, and even women, trained for security operations, demonstration control, and guerrilla warfare).
Even if it had paramilitary branches it wouldn't make it a paramilitary.
Basij is also not a paramilitary force, it is like the equivalent of
volunteer workers who do a wide range of stuff. For example if you are a medical specialist you can join Basij and through them go to far away villages that are still underdeveloped or don't have easy access to or money for such services and work for them voluntarily (for free). Similar if you are a dentist, architect, engineer, simple construction worker, and so on.
They also have training courses too. For example the teenagers usually join the military training thing (basically go to a shooting range) because there is the option that would help them shave off some months from their mandatory military service (conscription).
The Iranian army is not the strongest in the world,
Actually Iran's
military is the strongest in the world. Different branches may be different for example air-force is lagging behind a little bit but Iran's army (meaning ground forces) is actually the strongest in the whole world by far because it is currently the most technologically advanced one in the modern warfare and has the largest numbers. Most important of all is that it has the best experience thanks to the war with the NATO-Takfiri axis during WW4 (the US regime's war of terror) for decades.
Another thing to remember considering the today's nature of warfare is that Iran is literally the inventor of Drone Warfare and started it all back in the 80's, something the West is just learning about during their war with Russia. That's a conflict where one of Iran's oldest drone (~20 generation old Shahed-136) changed the tides in favor of Russia and after 3 years US military managed to reverse engineer it and build a weak rip-off version of it for a much higher cost with far less capabilities!
If a direct war were to occur against a modern global power ( US, Russia, or China), Iran would be quite vulnerable
It already happened. I mentioned WW4, but there is also the NATO adventure in June this year where they got crushed in only 12 days. That was the first "Coup War" type of conflict in history (that's a new terminology), something that failed miserably.
In terms of military modernity and regional influence, the IRGC is more powerful than the Artesh. While the Artesh remains important for conventional defense, the IRGC is the backbone of Iran's military strategy, particularly in modern warfare, missiles, and foreign operations/proxy warfare.
As I said the different branches serve different purposes and they are not separate like the way you keep describing them. Artesh is just as part of Iran's military doctrine in modern warfare as Sepah is. For example if Sepah has its Shahed loitering munitions, Artesh as its Arash loitering munition. If Artesh has its frigates the missiles are built by Sepah.
They are not separate entities, they are both part of the Armed Forces of Iran and work under command of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.
It is ideologically oriented and must be loyal to the Supreme Leader.
That's a strange way of putting it! One of the roles of the leader in Iran's constitution is as the commander-in-chief. To put simply in the hierarchy of the military he is the top commander!
The Quds Force (Jerusalem Forces)
Another one of those indications. This branch has one name: Quds Force. The name in parenthesis is the name occupiers want to use for the holy city of Quds in Palestine that they are occupying for the time being.
Since 1980, the IRGC has been involved in development projects following the Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War, initially aiming to help reconstruct strategic infrastructure and industries
Armed Forces of any country have a lot of capabilities and equipment that at times of peace would be placed in some storage gathering dust. Capabilities and equipment (eg. heavy machinery for construction, engineering branch, etc.) that can and should be used to build infrastructure in the country.
In most countries, the military is one side of such contracts using those capabilities at times of peace.
Google USACE and the contracts they have had.
And again this is the military not just one branch of it.
their proxies.
Iran has no proxies.
I majored in international relations, and Middle Eastern studies was one of the subjects I studied for two semesters. So if any of my explanations are not factual or irrelevant, I am very open to corrections and discussion.
"Middle East" is another term in colonizer talk

The correct term in this context is West Asia.