Seeing this your topic, I had to do a little research to find out about the best possible answers to your question and from my findings, 2012 network-level Bitcoin data is really rare. However, there are a few leads I saw that you can try.
University College London (UCL)’s “A Fistful of Bitcoins” project (Meiklejohn et al.) –They gathered some network data around 2012–2013, If you can, reach out to them directly. Click
here for the university's official website
Early crawlers / Bitnodes – From my findings, similar projects existed before Bitnodes went public so you can click
hereArchived repos – Try search for old network monitors like bitcoin-seeder or bitcoin-network-crawler using either of Internet Archive by clicking
here or GitHub Archive by clicking
here BitcoinTalk archives – Use the search bar of the Bitcointalk
here to check the technical board for 2011–2013 discussions on “transaction propagation” or “relay IP”
The truth is that finding raw datasets will be be tough for you but some old community technical members could still have fragments of those logs. This thread
here titled
Bitcoin block data (1013 GB): inputs, outputs and transactions by LoyceV could also be of a great help to you. I wish you good luck