I read somewhere sometime back that learning to Identify exchange addresses is crucial for transparency, but they didn't state or gave direction on how to achieve this as a newbie to the cryptocurrency world.
If you have a specific address from anywhere that is of course not yours and you want to know the exchange it belongs to, how do you go about it?
The best place is blockchain explorer if you want to do the work on your own but for speed search, chain analysis website are the best place. Arkham, lookonchain, and many other chain surveillance are the best way to know about exchange addresses
Most centralized exchanges all have their hot wallets known for transparency and proof of reserves.
How can I know the name of an exchange service by the address I receive a deposit from by just looking at the address?
If I give you a random wallet address from an exchange, there is no way you can detect if the address is a generated from a custodial wallet or an exchange unless the address has some history and it may not prove anything unless the exchange has transferred or consolidate the coins inside with other addresses to their hot wallet, that's the only possible way.
Is it possible that an exchange address can signify or tell the name of the exchange that has such an address in reality or it's just a marketing story?
Most often, when an exchange reveal their wallet addresses, they are doing that to let people know that all the coins in their custody are not tempered. They are doing that to gain trust of the public.
Remember what happened to FTX, the exchanges are trying to avoid such mistakes but still they can't be trusted. They can deny you withdrawals without any valid proof.