The US did the right thing by investing into modern technologies. Currently, it has Nvidia and AMD (ironically, origin of CEOs of both companies is Taiwan). Anyways, the USA is great at chip design, EDA software and cloud computing but Netherlands is great at lithography-system design and integration, Taiwan at leading-edge contract manufacturing, Germany at critical lithography optics and so on. So, I would say that the advantage that America has in AI, is really an allied-supply-chain advantage and not something done single-handedly.
I think it is well described as allied-supply-chain advantage, but since the USA has the upper hand in so many respects, the final word in so many things, it's really an allied-supply-chain with the USA having a majority vote and a majority share in that chain I guess? I don't know for sure, but given how many parts of this complex industry is dominated by the USA, I think that could be about true.
What I like about China is that it's trying to compete with open-source projects. Buy some GPUs or RAMs and you can have a great, free AI at home. They won't work as well as Claude but they'll work very well. This can directly hit Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini and other AIs once Chinese open-source AIs advance. Chinese people aren't good at creating something but they are good at copying and making it very cheap/available.
Do you think the underlined part is still true today? No doubt that this was what they did for a very long time and they still may do this here and there, but I think they have their own concepts and smart minds to get things done. China is among the countries with the highest R&D spending in the world. DeepSeek, Alibaba, Tencent, BYD, CATL, all the solar panel business, they have plenty of companies that are world leaders in their branch. But there is one very relevant thing related to this topic that they aren't good at and that is advanced semiconductors and lithography equipment.
Do you think this could influence their strategic considerations regarding an attack on Taiwan? They would still have to solve the lithography equipment shortage as ASML would stop providing machines immediately.