I was trying to copy the URL of a thread then I noticed there's a .0 after the topicID and when I also checked the next page it increased to .20 and the next .40
What does this mean?
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This is not really a problem to worry about as long as the link is not broken when you copy it. The link can not break even if you change that number, it can only jump you to appropriate page that correspond with the number you insert. It is something you can completely ignore unless you're interested in coding.
It means you're at first page when you see .0 even if you replace it with .19 you'll still be at first page of the thread because there are 20 posts per thread, but when you add .20 or any number between .20 to .39 you'll be at page 2, and similarly from .40 to .59 for page 3 and so on. That's what I understood after testing it, but if I'm wrong then someone should correct me.
You're right. If you input a number greater than the actual page number available in that thread, you'll be redirected to the latest page. But alternatively the main ID takes you to a different thread entirely.