The essence of two-factor authentication is to avoid scams of this nature. Any Bitcoin user who isn't using 2FA, in Nigeria or elsewhere, lacks wisdom. Using 2FA is common sense. We are not supposed to be told to bind phone numbers, email, and Google Authenticator before any transaction can be done on an exchange account.
In summary, before a scammer attempts to log in to an exchange, the owner is supposed to be notified through email. Most times facial verification is also required when trying to access an account from a different location and device.
Bitcoins and Cryptocurrencies can also be stolen through sim cards but I think the main solution to this problem is to use hardware wallets. If you add your phone number to a crypto-currency exchange, fraudsters may steal bitcoins through a SIM swap attack through a SIM card.
Basically the way hackers can take our holding bitcoins through this attack are, 1) number clone or transfer,2) OTP theft and 3) Two factor authentication bypass. Actually it seems to me solving this requires every investor to turn off SMS based 2FA and use hardware wallets to securely store bitcoin holdings.