A really comprehensive test of 'basics' of Islam would be edifying and useful for understanding current conflicts - such an exercise wouldn't necessarily involve knowing Quran chapter (sura) and verse, but would consist of defining fundamental doctrinal concepts, how Islam differs from other Abrahamic faiths, key dates/events in Mohammed's life, vocabulary/terms, and historical milestones, demographics.
Maybe I'll devise one.
A good place to start would be
"Was Sayyad Qutb someone whose teachings should be followed?"
Then if the answer is Yes, jail them.
That about sums up what anyone actually needs to know about Islam.