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Author Topic: Nothing at stake - debunked?  (Read 3605 times)
kodtycoon (OP)
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November 25, 2014, 05:09:34 PM
 #1

https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/25/proof-stake-learned-love-weak-subjectivity/

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jonald_fyookball
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November 25, 2014, 05:45:51 PM
Last edit: November 25, 2014, 08:21:26 PM by jonald_fyookball
 #2

So basically he is proposing miners need to make security deposits so there is something at stake, which sounds like a clever idea.   I dont know if it will work or not.

What is unclear is what stops a miner from privately working on chains and only broadcast a winning chain with a deposit once the probability is high they won, or at least higher than the normal risk reward ratio that all miners would have to pay with these deposits.

Another question I would have would be:   Wouldn't the miners need to deposit a lot of money constantly?  If the range is 3000 blocks, and you're trying to
vote for every block, that's a lot of blocks that you would need to make deposits for, far into the future.  This discourages voting/mining and centralizes it,
which makes attacks easier.  What would the numbers look like as far as how much capital would be needed to partiicpate in the voting
on a regular basis and what would the risk rewards be?

If it does turn out this scheme makes proof of stake viable the question then becomes: is it fair, is it a good issuance/distribution mechabism?

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November 25, 2014, 08:47:50 PM
 #3

Vitalik has written a very interesting article. He distinguishes between preventing short-term forks (using security deposits) and long-term forks.

Preventing long-term forks seems to require giving up on having an objective way to determine the "real" blockchain. However, he considers a notion weaker than objectivity but stronger than subjectivity: weak subjectivity. If a criteria is weakly subjective, then long-term forks can be (more or less) ruled out. An example is NXT's rule of disallowing reorganizations after 720 blocks, but Vitalik describes other possibilities as well. The price one pays is that someone new coming into the network could, in principle, be fooled into believing in a "fake" blockchain. Vitalik's article makes it seem unlikely for this to happen in practice since new joiners would likely be able to find a reliable "checkpoint".

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November 25, 2014, 11:36:32 PM
 #4

Surprised more people aren't weighing in on this.
Perhaps they are digesting it.

Seems like it would be big news either way:
Either Vitalik has a breakthrough concept
that can solve the nothing at stake problem,
or no, it is another failed attempt and PoS
truly can't work.


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November 26, 2014, 12:08:09 AM
Last edit: November 26, 2014, 12:22:05 AM by kodtycoon
 #5

Surprised more people aren't weighing in on this.
Perhaps they are digesting it.

Seems like it would be big news either way:
Either Vitalik has a breakthrough concept
that can solve the nothing at stake problem,
or no, it is another failed attempt and PoS
truly can't work.



i think its a case where all the people who usual weigh in on this subject are usually the ones who are advocating the idea that nothing at stake is a serious threat to "badmouth" pos. now faced with a technical explanation of why it isnt a threat (in certain implementations) from a very public person who is accepted to be an academic/pioneer in the area they cannot dispute the fact that they are (for the most part) wrong. and more specifically, wrong about nxt which uses 720 block reorg limit as is explained in the paper vitalik has published (understandably he doesnt use nxt as an example seeing as nxt is competition) thus giving credit to nxt for actually doing things correctly as he has actually said on the nxt forum after discussion with the devs.

now no one is willing to admit they are wrong. silence... as someone in on the nxt forum said.. "its like someone farted and everyone knows but no one will talk about it".

interestingly enough, nem is working on a new algorithm based on the concept of pos but instead of just the amount of coins an account has, the transactions an account does, and with who it does the transactions, as well as coin age is used in the calculation for deciding what weight an account has. it takes 30 days for nem to be fully vested before the weight assigned to the received coins can be added to the "active" weight. eigeintrust++ algorithm decides whether a node is "trustworthy" or not based on length of time a node is online and a number of other factors which im not sure of.

it sounds like vitalik is explaining how pos should work, and how nem/proof of importance does work.

jabo from nemforum put it well so il quote him.
Quote
These things kind of go over my head, but the way I read Vitalik's article he is advocating our system.   

He states that just counting each coin as a little miner (word for word BCNext's explanation) was flawed because there was no timeout (NXT fixed this because it has a 720 block lock out).  But NXT stops there.  And then he also goes on to explain that is not all that is needed.  He says also that coins needed to be aged in, and also nodes needed a way to trust each other, i.e. the longer a node has been online the more trustworthy it is.  He proposes doing this by giving gravity to an account; that basically the longer it has been known to be online and the more the coins have been aged, then the heavier and more trustworthy the node is.  It seems to me that he makes the argument that PoS needs all three of these.  Or did I miss something?

What he calls "gravity" we call PoI if I am correct.  At NEM we check to see if Nodes are trustworthy through the Egientrust algo used to determine which nodes can be trusted, and we also give weight to coins by how much they have been aged in. 

I kept on reading this thinking, "Wow, he is basically advocating NEM." 

if nem ticks all the boxes that vitalik has put forward which it sounds like it does using only algorithms. i think we could be on to a serious winner.

[disclaimer]apologies for advocating the coin im involved with but it is relevant.[/disclaimer]

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November 26, 2014, 12:39:25 AM
 #6

you're probably right that a lot of people are speechless.

however, here's what's occurring to me:

These security deposits may provide something "at stake",
and so discourage voting on every chain...but they
still don't prevent people from trying to game the system
by solving a better chain in private and broadcasting that
to the network (selfish mining style).  So, it could very
well turn into a kind of hybridized proof of work,
so to speak.

What will happen is that more resources will be consumed
in competition, and as has been pointed out in
recent articles, we will revert back to spending x dollars
worth , same as before, but it will just be
more convoluted...so we may not be saving any energy.


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November 26, 2014, 12:58:46 AM
 #7

Interesting paper, but misleading thread Subject .... NaS has not been debunked as Vitalik has repeatedly acknowledged the threat thus a hybrid approach he is suggesting to combat NaS with TaPoS, deposits, and under certain circumstances using a trusted hash.

There isn't much conversation about this as some of us are taking the time to read and study the paper before commenting upon it. Seems like others are prematurely rejoicing feeling vindicated from a long battle against PoW, when they are forgetting this isn't about PoW vs PoS , but merely using the best algorithm for the job that has been tested.

It will take some time to digest the material, discuss the implications, standardize the algorithms, test them either on an alt or side chain before even thinking about suggesting a Bitcoin hardfork.  If this is all that its cracked up to be there will probably be a transitional period where a Hybrid PoW / TaPoS/Slasher 2 gets hard forked over into the system. Vested mining interests may prevent this from happening for some time as well.


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November 26, 2014, 01:07:45 AM
 #8

 Huh 

Why has this thread been moved into the altcoin section? Probably doesn't qualify as being in the dev section but certainly in the general discussion section as it has nothing to do with a specific alt but a general discussion about new algorithms.

As far as I can see, changes to the algorithm aren't prohibited but disputed:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Prohibited_changes

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November 26, 2014, 01:23:26 AM
 #9

I agree, it should be discussed and not relegated to the altcoin section Sad

"Nothing at stake" is a big topic worthy of discussion.

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November 26, 2014, 01:28:11 AM
 #10

Interesting paper, but misleading thread Subject .... NaS has not been debunked as Vitalik has repeatedly acknowledged the threat thus a hybrid approach he is suggesting to combat NaS with TaPoS, deposits, and under certain circumstances using a trusted hash.

There isn't much conversation about this as some of us are taking the time to read and study the paper before commenting upon it. Seems like others are prematurely rejoicing feeling vindicated from a long battle against PoW, when they are forgetting this isn't about PoW vs PoS , but merely using the best algorithm for the job that has been tested.

It will take some time to digest the material, discuss the implications, standardize the algorithms, test them either on an alt or side chain before even thinking about suggesting a Bitcoin hardfork.  If this is all that its cracked up to be there will probably be a transitional period where a Hybrid PoW / TaPoS/Slasher 2 gets hard forked over into the system. Vested mining interests may prevent this from happening for some time as well.



i wasnt entirely sure if it did indeed debunk n@s, thats why i put the question mark. wanted to hear opinions on it from people from the bitcoin section as well as the alt section. anyone in the alt section looks through the bitcoin section but not vice versa.

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November 26, 2014, 02:23:20 AM
 #11

Huh 

Why has this thread been moved into the altcoin section? Probably doesn't qualify as being in the dev section but certainly in the general discussion section as it has nothing to do with a specific alt but a general discussion about new algorithms.

As far as I can see, changes to the algorithm aren't prohibited but disputed:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Prohibited_changes

anything threatening precious ASICs...
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November 26, 2014, 02:30:59 AM
 #12

i wasnt entirely sure if it did indeed debunk n@s, thats why i put the question mark. wanted to hear opinions on it from people from the bitcoin section as well as the alt section. anyone in the alt section looks through the bitcoin section but not vice versa.

That's all fine , but why is NaS being a threat to certain PoS coins even a question? You cited a paper that is presenting solutions from someone who has done a lot of work in an attempt to find solutions to solving NaS so of course it didn't debunk NaS..... perhaps you meant to say:

"Nothing at stake  - solved?"



BTW... I didn't agree your thread being moved so I created a new one here:

https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=873646.0

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November 26, 2014, 03:18:26 AM
 #13

Sigmike and Jordan Lee have already provided a solution to help disincentivize users from minting on multiple chains. It's already coded into NuBits and will be introduced into Peercoin when v0.5 is released. Sigmike is a core developer for both NuBits and Peercoin. Sunny King has already approved the change as well. Here are threads with some more information...

- http://www.peercointalk.org/index.php?topic=3459.msg33474#msg33474
- http://www.peercointalk.org/index.php?topic=3451.msg33402#msg33402
- http://www.peercointalk.org/index.php?topic=3334.msg32393#msg32393
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November 26, 2014, 09:02:56 AM
 #14


"Nothing at stake  - solved?"


Who would've thunk Wink
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November 26, 2014, 09:47:11 AM
 #15

Has one of these nothing at stake attacks ever been pulled off to begin with?
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November 26, 2014, 10:15:07 AM
 #16

Never mind the technicalities, Proof of Stake is an economically stupid idea. The world already runs on a version of it - take a look outside at where that's got us. While I'm ranting, a lot of the 'features' of the 2.0 currencies that allow the same fuckery that exists in traditional markets are also misguided.
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November 26, 2014, 10:16:10 AM
 #17

Never mind the technicalities, Proof of Stake is an economically stupid idea. The world already runs on a version of it - take a look outside at where that's got us.

What?
thelonecrouton
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November 26, 2014, 10:22:51 AM
 #18

Never mind the technicalities, Proof of Stake is an economically stupid idea. The world already runs on a version of it - take a look outside at where that's got us.

What?

You earn more money by... having more money. Instead of doing anything useful with it. Breeding more money out of existing money is an ultimately pointless exercise. No service is provided, no real wealth is ever created.
kodtycoon (OP)
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November 26, 2014, 10:24:28 AM
 #19

i wasnt entirely sure if it did indeed debunk n@s, thats why i put the question mark. wanted to hear opinions or802n it from people from the bitcoin section as well as the alt section. anyone in the alt section looks through the bitcoin section but not vice versa.

That's all fine , but why is NaS being a threat to certain PoS coins even a question? You cited a paper that is presenting solutions from someone who has done a lot of work in an attempt to find solutions to solving NaS so of course it didn't debunk NaS..... perhaps you meant to say:

"Nothing at stake  - solved?"



BTW... I didn't agree your thread being moved so I created a new one here:

https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=873646.0

that may have been a better title.. Either way, thanks for reposting it, the discission over there is exactly what I was looking for Smiley

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Yurizhai
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November 26, 2014, 10:45:40 AM
 #20

Never mind the technicalities, Proof of Stake is an economically stupid idea. The world already runs on a version of it - take a look outside at where that's got us.

What?

You earn more money by... having more money. Instead of doing anything useful with it. Breeding more money out of existing money is an ultimately pointless exercise. No service is provided, no real wealth is ever created.

You earn money for securing the network. In most cases it's a trivial amount. People with money can afford to purchase  expensive mining equipment, and the same thing happens, only Earth's resources were wasted to create that hardware and the electricity powering it.
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