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Author Topic: Brackets (and other nuggets): A Grammar Thread  (Read 769 times)
Gleb Gamow (OP)
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December 09, 2014, 01:57:19 AM
 #1

http://everything2.com/title/brackets

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Of the five types of brackets, ( ), , { }, \ \, < >, parentheses (( )) are the ones which are most commonly used in prose. Square brackets () are frequently used to denote editorial intrusion into a piece of prose, and they are also used in mathematics (a field which I do not plan to step into today). Braces ({ }) the curly brackets that are (arguably) most fun to draw by hand are unfortunately (for keen writers/drawers) not used in prose, but rather in mathematics and linguistics. Slash brackets are used for dates (see top of this page for an example). And lastly, angle brackets (< >) have uses in mathematics and linguistics (again, those areas that I am not able (or keen) to explore), although you may have seen a re-emergence of angle brackets (a much celebrated comeback in the eyes of bracket-lovers) in recent times, with the growing popularity of handy little things we call web addresses.http://www.doesthislookfamiliar?.com. (Also, if you speak French, you may have noticed angle brackets being used instead of quote marks for dialogue, > .) You may have observed that when your attention is drawn to brackets, you notice them a lot more. I’m sure you wouldn’t have guessed that in the introductory 179 words above, twenty-one pairs of brackets were used! Yes they are sneaky (and useful (don’t think that I have anything against the little critters)) things, brackets.

So, let’s devote some time to parentheses, the kings (actually, that’s quite sexist, why should the rulers of brackets necessarily fall into the patriarchal paradigm of language? From now on, I will refer to brackets as feminine). Let me try to start that sentence again. So, let’s devote some time to parenthesis, the queens of brackets. Pam Peters in her discussion of parentheses points out that they: ‘often enclose a parenthical comment or parenthesis within a carrier sentence ’. She goes on to explain that three types of punctuation can be used to represent breaks in a sentence. Commas, those useful things, are used for a subtle separation. The next level of break (after the aforementioned commas) is parenthesis. The third – most severe – break is one made by dashes. Peters puts forward the view that ‘it seems unlikely…that all three levels can be usefully exploited in the same sentence.’ Oh really? Well, I wonder, (should I try this or not?) maybe we could give all three levels – confusing as they may be – a go.

Now we get to the hard bit. What to do if there are parenthesis within parenthesis? Should they be used as parentheses within parenthesis (this would be quite confusing (especially if one of the sentences was very drawn out, and the reader forgot where the second parenthesis, let alone the first began, and what line of thought was being presented before the first, or the second parenthesis (although I personally tend to use this technique (that of parenthesis within parenthesis (as you may have noticed as early on as the first paragraph of this paper))))) or not? The sixth edition of the Australian Style Manual says that ‘one set of parentheses should not be used inside another set’, unlike the fifth edition which claimed that this should ‘be avoided’, but could be tolerated. The Manual (both 5th and 6th eds) suggests that em rules should be used in combination with parentheses. The Chicago Manual of Style suggests combining parenthesis with square brackets, thus avoiding the confusion of having brackets within brackets (I’m beginning to get confused myself and I can barely understand this bracket stuff to tell you the truth). But how would editorial comments actually Natalia, I find this part a bit dry, do you think you could liven it up a bit? You might lose your audience here. You think you’re being funny but I strongly doubt anyone will be impressed. be marked, if not with the good old square brackets? The Right Word at the Right Time, like the Style Manual (I’m getting most of this from Pam Peters – I will acknowledge her at the end – from her excellent book Australian English Style Guide) suggests dashes be used within parentheses. The Chicago Manual of Style – which I mentioned earlier (remember, the part about the square brackets and parentheses?) – also allows the use of parentheses within dashes. Pam does not say anything about there being a need for more than two forms of punctuation to mark parentheses within carrier sentences (what I mean is, what if there is a bracket within a parenthesis perhaps marked with square brackets {to follow the Chicago example}, and then another bracket like the one just then what then?). Are we supposed to use curly brackets like what I have just done? Or should we dump the square, curly, angular and dashes and just pile parenthesis on parenthesis creating a bizarre collection of endless sideways smiles? (What are those ladies (women (womyn?)) smiling about anyway?)

Perhaps J.D. Salinger (that elusive author – the man who no one could locate ) gave brackets their most romantic usage when he offered ‘an unpretentious bouquet of parenthesis (((())))’ to his reader. In Seymour: An Introduction, Salinger attempted to write out thoughts as they occurred. This is why he heavily relied on parentheses (because (like it or not) we are always digressing as we think (and also when we speak)). Personally, I believe that this device (can using parenthesis to no end be called a device perhaps I’ll just use it because it seems as if I know what I am talking about {I am above all a student of writing and of the English language aren’t I? }?) was very successful, although perhaps a bit distracting. Why is it that we are able to think in endless digressions, piling one thought on top of another, remembering continual unrelated incidents and still be able to (more or less) continue a steady train of thought, yet when we actually write things as we think them (as I have been – whether successfully or not – trying to do in this piece) it seems to provoke irritation and fury (I got some friends to read this and they were to put it lightly quite annoyed ).

I must admit, while writing this paper I have come to love (is love to strong a word?) brackets in all their shapes and forms, and I have neglected to use the dashes that the Australian Style Guide would have me use (I should follow Australian rules I guess). I have failed (yes, failed ). In light of this admission, I will step down, leaving you in the hands of that very capable writer, Virginia Woolf (who liked to do follow a stream of consciousness herself ). Virginia loved using dashes, commas and semi-colons. So here is an excerpt from Orlando to satisfy your dash-starved sensibilities:

‘Sights disturbed him, like that of his mother, a very beautiful lady in green walking out to feed the peacocks with Twitchett, her maid, behind her; sights exhalted him – the birds and the trees; and made him in love with death – the evening sky, the homing rooks; and so, mounting up the spiral stairway into his brain – which was a roomy one – all these sights, and the garden sounds too, the hammer beating, the wood chopping, began that riot and confusion of the passions and emotions which every good biographer detests.’

My computer says ‘Long Sentence (no suggestions)’. It seems as if Virginia is beyond help, even by my trusty Microsoft Word 97. I feel like I am about to go crazy. Enough with the thoughts within thoughts within ideas within asides within comments within witticisms. To save myself from falling from this brink into madness, I will turn away from punctuation and towards Buddha. Perhaps ‘everything in moderation’ is the key, even when brackets are concerned.
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December 09, 2014, 03:09:43 AM
 #2

LOL. What a strange post(er).  Cheesy

Most people would probably not find this as interesting a read as I did. Feel free to correct me if I'm wrong, as I'm no English (or math) scholar, but here's my take on the proper use of brackets. [I'm not going to get into their use in math, other than to say that everything within brackets should be calculated before it is used in the rest of the equation. If not specified it is assumed that you multiply it. [eg. 5(2+3)=25]

I use the square parentheses whenever I intend to use brackets within brackets. [ie. Like I'm doing now. (I don't consider "//" or "\\" a form of brackets.)]

I almost never use the fancy ones "{}" unless I'm using them to group multiple points under one title or description, but that's even not possible with a keyboard (as far as I know).

I use "<>" for unusual items like web addresses and to show an action or emotion instead of the equally acceptable "**". *takes a swig of my beer* For example, when showing sarcasm, I have a few options. I could use "/s" or "<sarcasm>", but I could also go with "*rolls eyes*".

<edit> I believe a dash "-" is often used to slam two (or more) sentences together, just like commas often do - I try not to do it much though.

Gleb Gamow (OP)
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December 09, 2014, 06:58:27 AM
 #3

I stumbled upon the quote in the OP while seeking the proper use of a term nested inside a bracket that's part of a clause I now wanted put inside a bracket.

The original clause (contrived for this example): yet [not] another donkey

I want to know if [yet [not] another donkey] is proper.

BTW, the word not is purposely italicized in what I'm penning, perhaps making what I seek that much more complex. Thus, it would look like this: [yet [not] another donkey].

Worse still, it's included in a White Paper I'm penning, thus wanting the overall text as tight as possible so that I could easily be forgiven for a tiny handful of grammatical errors, albeit will be peer reviewed, but heaven forbid my peers thinking I'm an idiot.  Roll Eyes
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December 09, 2014, 09:24:14 PM
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I stumbled upon the quote in the OP while seeking the proper use of a term nested inside a bracket that's part of a clause I now wanted put inside a bracket.

The original clause (contrived for this example): yet [not] another donkey

I want to know if [yet [not] another donkey] is proper.

BTW, the word not is purposely italicized in what I'm penning, perhaps making what I seek that much more complex. Thus, it would look like this: [yet [not] another donkey].

Worse still, it's included in a White Paper I'm penning, thus wanting the overall text as tight as possible so that I could easily be forgiven for a tiny handful of grammatical errors, albeit will be peer reviewed, but heaven forbid my peers thinking I'm an idiot.  Roll Eyes

In all honesty those kinds of statements baffle me, since (to me) they seem contradictory. I've always understood that a statement made with brackets can be read with or without (what's in) the brackets and still mean roughly the same thing. Therefore, the clause you provided [yet (not) another donkey] seems to contradict itself, IMO. [Regardless, I (always) use square brackets outside of round ones. You can see my point of how contradictory it would seem if i used "never" instead of "always" in the previous statement.]

Gleb Gamow (OP)
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December 10, 2014, 07:05:44 AM
 #5

I stumbled upon the quote in the OP while seeking the proper use of a term nested inside a bracket that's part of a clause I now wanted put inside a bracket.

The original clause (contrived for this example): yet [not] another donkey

I want to know if [yet [not] another donkey] is proper.

BTW, the word not is purposely italicized in what I'm penning, perhaps making what I seek that much more complex. Thus, it would look like this: [yet [not] another donkey].

Worse still, it's included in a White Paper I'm penning, thus wanting the overall text as tight as possible so that I could easily be forgiven for a tiny handful of grammatical errors, albeit will be peer reviewed, but heaven forbid my peers thinking I'm an idiot.  Roll Eyes

In all honesty those kinds of statements baffle me, since (to me) they seem contradictory. I've always understood that a statement made with brackets can be read with or without (what's in) the brackets and still mean roughly the same thing. Therefore, the clause you provided [yet (not) another donkey] seems to contradict itself, IMO. [Regardless, I (always) use square brackets outside of round ones. You can see my point of how contradictory it would seem if i used "never" instead of "always" in the previous statement.]

Ergo, the quagmire, for its the contradiction that's relevant, hence the 'not' being in italics.

The following is how I currently have it penned.

=========

That voiced at the risk of ridiculousness by assuaging criticism, contrary to the [implied] mere mention of the pseudo-proverbial The Fall & Fall of Trade Coins, yet [not comes] another alt-crypto - ÇoinProLite - destined to perform a sole subsidy function as long as semi-forsaken sçhitcoins exist: Remonetizing sçhit on a one-to-one-plus-a-premium basis used primarily to acquire [yet [not comes] another crypto] YTC, sequentially procuring [yet [not comes] other novel cryptos] <redacted> of any publisher's <redacted> numbering in the [possibly tens of] thousands.

=========

("redacted" only used for illustrated purposes in the above)

BTW, this thread nor the above is in any way me trying to get help in penning my copy. This is just a grammar thread to hopefully teach others, each other, and myself tricks of the trade starting with the bracket racket.  Roll Eyes

I've edited the copy since my last post, hence 'not' is now 'not comes' (in italics). The first and last use of brackets is correct, for the term/phrase could be read as if they're not there, nor am I trying to emphasize the clauses with its use.

I'm also aware that I've broken the said/unsaid cardinal rule of using brackets sparingly, especially embodied in one paragraph, but in this particular case the act could easily be forgiven given the opening clause "at the risk of ridiculousness". The White Paper is being penning in all seriousness, albeit subtle humor is incorporated within, with the exception of the very last word before the references: boo-boos.

Fuck it! Might as well share the boo-boos part in context.

Acknowledgement

We respectably thank Satoshi Nakamoto and subsequent developers whose collective avant-garde work in the cryptocurrency space made <redacted>’s ambitious crypto-commodity vision a realistic possibility.

Withal, we applaud those whom we entrusted advanced copies of this White Paper, generously expending time and expertise toward providing their unique perspectives and duly bringing to light grammatical and structural boo-boos.

==============

In case you thought I forgot, thank you, (oYo), for your valuable input.
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December 10, 2014, 08:09:48 AM
 #6

BTW, this thread nor the above is in any way me trying to get help in penning my copy. This is just a grammar thread to hopefully teach others, each other, and myself tricks of the trade starting with the bracket racket.  Roll Eyes

Actually, I assumed you were trolling.  Cheesy  Nonetheless, I enjoyed taking the opportunity to exercise my brain and maybe even learn something myself. I also genuinely like helping people and figured this thread could possibly be of some use to others, if not for yourself. Cheers!  Smiley

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December 10, 2014, 10:11:57 AM
 #7

One of the most important LEGAL uses of square brackets - [] - and the most overlooked, is to seemingly place some information on a legal document, while not placing it on there legally.

Suppose you want to add a legal cite to your court document, but you don't want it to appear as part of the document. Simply place the whole cite inside square brackets, and it is not there, even though it appears to be there.

If you don't want to sign a document, but want it to appear that you have signed, simply draw square brackets on the signature line, and then _[sign inside them] . If you do this, however, be aware that some people or companies may want to sue you for fraud. It should be their own fault though. After all, if they don't know enough about the grammar used in law, they shouldn't be accepting documents that are used in legal capacity.

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