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加密货币的“理想法治”
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DSPay
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加密货币的“理想法治”
December 16, 2014, 06:09:01 AM
#1
加密货币的“理想法治”
什么是理想法治?
“理想法治”顾名思义,应该是理想中的法治,即法治的理想状态。那么法治的理想状态应该是什么样的呢?所谓“理想”自然与现实有所差距,“理想法治”应该是:
1. 所有自然人的行为活动都以事先制定的“法律”为基础,参与者的任何行为结果都应该是可预期的。
2. “立法”需得到所有法律覆盖范围内的活动参与者同意,不得强制非参与者接受相应行为规则,但同时不接受“法律”规定者亦不能参与到该法律所规范的活动中。
3. 所有“法律相关”行为,均能得到保障,一旦“违法”,对应结果强制执行,不受任何人为影响。
理想法治与现实的差距
现实中,人类的活动难免会收到各种不可控因素影响,法治也是如此。因种种限制及阻碍,理想法治与现实法治有一定差距,且是不可协调的。
1. 证据。现实中,所有行为是否合“法”,合规,均需提供相应证据。一旦出现纠纷,且行为方无法提供有力证据,且具体行为无法查证时,执行人无法做出准确判断。缺乏证据的情况下,即使明知当事人杀了人,也无法判刑。
2. 人为可变。理想中的“法”应该是不受任何人为影响的,所有行为结果都是可预测的。但现实的“法”是受统治者的影响,可变的。在君主集权时期,君主就是法的代表,所有法例都以统治者为中心,随统治者意愿而变。即使是现今,只要权力部门通过,所有法例条款均是可变的。
3. 不可选择。现实中的“法”由权力部门制定,即使具体规则存在异议,普通人无论赞成与否,都必须遵守。当行为人生活在A国,对A国某些法例不满,却赞同B国相应规定时,因各种条件限制,行为人无选择权。且即使行为人不愿参与相应法律行为,也必须按照A国法律规定进行。
理想法治与加密货币
以比特币为代表的加密电子货币是近年来最具话题性的新兴电子支付方式。作为“货币”的同时,也是一个去中心化的支付系统。现实社会的制约、阻碍使理想法治难以成为现实,但如果将“理想法治”概念与加密电子货币结合,是否会有所不同呢?下文仅针对加密电子货币的“理想法治”相关行为,具体行为具体分析,不涉及现实法治相关行为。
按“理想法治”的标准,加密货币的理想法治应该是:所有货币交易规则都是事先制定且不可更改。相关支付行为结果都是可预测的,且严格按照系统规则执行,合法及非法行为都有自身标准,且能准确判定。一旦参与到加密货币支付活动中,必须严格按约定执行,未同意规则不受影响,但亦不能参与。
比特币等其他加密货币虽然在基本原则上满足了“理想法治”,但在实际应用中, “不可逆”的交易模式,一定程度上难以满足多样的支付需求。而随着加密电子货币的发展,智能合约开始被开发者所用,将两者结合,带来了巨大的改变。
智能合约
智能合约是能够促进、核实并强制执行谈判内容或履行合约的,无需契约性条款的计算机协议。在智能合约中,各类合约条款都将是自动生效,自动执行的。智能合约旨在提供一个安全性优于传统合约的方式,并且能够缩减相关交易成本。
建立在区块链基础上的智能合约,将既定的规则、合约条款以计算机语言确定下来。预先确定的条件一旦触发,智能合约自动执行合约内容,从而确保整个交易过程严格“合法”。通过智能合约,能够很好的解决“理想法治”在现实中无法解决的问题。
1. 智能合约相关交易,所有交易数据均记录在block中,公开可查,无法篡改。所有证据都是真实可信的,一旦发生纠纷,即按合约自动强制执行。
2. 进行交易时,所有规则都是事先制定,且经过交易双方同意授权的,任何行为结果均可预测。交易过程中,合约规则由系统自动执行,不受任何人为影响。
3. 在用智能合约进行交易时,所有合约规则都是由交易参与方协商决定,且授权参与的。所有参与人均可根据自身需求选择相应的合约,一旦参与相关合约交易,则必须遵守规则,未同意参与不会造成任何影响。
目前正在开发中的智能合约项目主要有Codius, 以太坊及DACRS。Codius由瑞波实验室开发,同时旗下拥有瑞波币,参与市场交易。以太坊项目正进行中,按照规划应该在2015年发布,在前期IPO中获得近30000个BTC,一度引起轰动。而第一个由国内开发团队大豆支付主导的DACRS,又与前两者有所不同。DACRS为开发者打造 DAC 基础运行环境,开发者只需在DACRS基础上开发各种应用,即可实现传统 DAC 具备的功能。
总结
现实生活中,各种行为活动包括支付活动在内,都因各种客观限制,难以实现“理想法治”。但与目前传统的支付方式不同,加密电子货币为人们提供了一种更自由的去中心化的“理想”支付方式,与智能合约的结合,更会带来巨大的变革,更灵活的将“理想法治”在加密货币系统中实现。
参考
智能合约,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_contract
Codius,原文:
https://github.com/codius/codius/wiki/Smart-Oracles:-A-Simple,-Powerful-Approach-to-Smart-Contracts#smart-contract
翻译版:
http://www.8btc.com/smart-oralcle-codius
Ethereum, 原文:
https://ethereum.org/pdfs/EthereumWhitePaper.pdf
翻译版:
http://www.8btc.com/ethereumwhitepaper
DACRS,
http://bbs.dspay.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=899&extra=page%3D1
Forum:
http://bbs.dspay.org/
Facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/SoyPay
Twitter:
https://twitter.com/SoyPayment
/ @SoyPayment
Weibo:
http://weibo.com/SoyPay
/ @大豆支付官网
We are the first!--DACRS(Distributed Autonomous Corporations RuntimeSystem)dhDYJGUU9xEhpsi3zJ5Ar6TY7Qui29tNQf
leewhat
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Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 16, 2014, 09:45:09 AM
#2
不知道理想要等多久才能实现
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Agestorzrxx
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Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 17, 2014, 11:28:22 AM
#3
等待吧。
DSPay
(OP)
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Merit: 10
Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 19, 2014, 07:09:06 AM
#4
Quote from: leewhat on December 16, 2014, 09:45:09 AM
不知道理想要等多久才能实现
虽然遥远,但总有实现的时候。
We are the first!--DACRS(Distributed Autonomous Corporations RuntimeSystem)dhDYJGUU9xEhpsi3zJ5Ar6TY7Qui29tNQf
healtheworld
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⇾
Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 19, 2014, 10:10:33 AM
#5
理想很丰满,可是现实很骨感
Troonetpt
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Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 19, 2014, 11:00:57 AM
#6
扯
10000usdperbtc
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Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 22, 2014, 01:12:28 AM
#7
Quote from: healtheworld on December 19, 2014, 10:10:33 AM
理想很丰满,可是现实很骨感
完全同意,棒极了
7425504
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Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 25, 2014, 03:14:40 AM
#8
Quote from: 10000usdperbtc on December 22, 2014, 01:12:28 AM
Quote from: healtheworld on December 19, 2014, 10:10:33 AM
理想很丰满,可是现实很骨感
完全同意,棒极了
我也赞同,用词很经典
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GPUmonitor
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Re: 加密货币的“理想法治”
December 25, 2014, 06:35:12 AM
#9
理想毕竟是理想
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