Stop the sophistry and just admit that Bitcoin's energy usage is obscene.
You asked how much energy bitcoin requires, not how much energy miners are choosing to use. The answer is still zero watts.
Why tolerate these risks when we have the know-how to resolve these issues?
These risks have always been tolerated in commerce. Remember it was bitcoin that first introduced the idea of a public confirmations for a transaction, as it is the first public currency. People survived with no public confirmations at all, so I wouldn't complain too much that getting one takes 10 minutes. That being said, if you have an idea for improving the consensus algorithm we would all love to hear it.
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Miners are switching off. Miners are now more likely to be in a centralized data centre than under your desk. That brings risks.
I think you are confusing your centralization issues. A centralized data centre is different from a centralized currency. Pools are centralized. Miners are not. And by the way, fiat is centralized. I hope you have stopped using it completely to avoid those risks you mention.