《悉尼先驱晨报》：伊斯兰国、俄国和中国，都是法西斯国家
《悉尼先驱晨报》：伊斯兰国、俄国和中国，都是法西斯国家
皮特·海切尔
朱莉亚.吉拉德在她担任总理的最后一年曾宣称“澳大利亚的国家安全需要进入令人一个新的时代”。
在那911年代的最末，她宣称：“在新的时代，国家的行为——而不是非国家的行为，将为澳大利亚国家安全思想驱动并塑形。”
换句话说，是时候忘掉那些以恐怖分子，把眼光重新转回传统的国家间博弈来了。比如说，现在紧张的中美关系。
当托尼.阿伯特担任反对党领袖时，他宣称：“我们面临的最重要的安全威胁是伊斯兰恐怖主义和不稳定的世界。” 两年后，阿伯特作为总理发布的国家安全声明中，满篇都是恐怖主义以及新黑暗时代的崛起，上周的讲话里他对于国与国之间博弈带来的危险只字未提。
诚然，伊斯兰国的野蛮人们被我们文明世界所关注当然是正确的，但是当我们把眼光过分投入到新的危机时，却忘记了旧的危险已经要卷土重来了。
俄罗斯于2008年入侵了格鲁吉亚，今天它正在侵略乌克兰——尽管普京百般狡辩否认他的侵略行为。俄罗斯恢复了核武轰炸机对美国海岸线的巡逻，同时对欧洲进行武装恐吓。
反对党领袖涅姆佐夫与周末被枪杀，他本计划推动一个反普京的游行，并同时发布关于俄罗斯武装入侵乌克兰的决定性证据，据传这些证据将对普京政权造成极大的舆论伤害。而普京，拒绝承认自己参与了这次谋杀。
另一边，中国一直不放弃对邻国领土的主权主张。尽管这几个月来中国很聪明的淡化了言论。但是同时他们却高歌猛进的至少四个岛链上修建军事基地和防御工事，尽管这些岛屿在5个国家间有主权争议。根据上个月南沙群岛的卫星照片显示，以前的小小岛屿现在变成了大量的直升机停机坪，跑道，港口和设施，以支持大量兵力进驻。
我们可以看到，这是一个有条理的，精心策划的活动，目的是在南沙群岛链建立一个拥有完善空运海运能力的堡垒，以对抗越南，菲律宾，马来西亚，文莱和台湾等国。北京本来曾承诺过不会在此施行挑衅式举动。当美国认为中国的施工行为会造成地区不稳定而要求北京停止时，北京竟不予理会。
阿伯特在批评吉拉德的安全观过于狭隘时，没有看到自己的安全观同样不完整。两位总理都太过听风就是雨了。事实是，澳大利亚和自由世界必须正视所有的和平与稳定的威胁。国与非国带来的危险不一定需要被分割开来，一个被重视另一个就被忽略。我认为，我们完全可以把以上这些危险都用一个政治理念来概括——法西斯主义。
俄罗斯，中国，所谓的伊斯兰国政权都是法西斯。
法西斯的决定性特征？ 首先是专制。 其次，权力高度集中。 第三，国家高于个人。
普京妄言：“西方打算拔掉俄国熊的爪子和牙齿”，并试图恢复“俄罗斯的伟大”。中国试图克服西方帝国主义给他们带来的百年耻辱，而一直对中国的孩子们洗脑“勿忘国耻”。而ISIS则宣布要恢复哈利法，恢复伊斯兰教的伟大。
虽然在政体表面上上面三家各有不同，但是实际上它们都是法西斯主义实体，它们放弃民主自由，追求暴力，对外扩张不愿受道德与法律的约束。
总之，西方的领导人们不应该再玩文字游戏了。以上三个上升中的威胁都是自由的敌人。它们否认自由，并且横行霸道欺压邻国。
我们的世界面临着法西斯主义的复苏，而陷入经济泥潭的欧洲和困于政治内斗的美国都还没有意识到它们要面对的危险愤怒的敌人是谁。
来源：墙外楼
IS, Russia, China: all fascist states
Date：March 3, 2015
Peter Hartcher
Julia Gillard began her last year as prime minister with a statement on national security declaring that "Australia enters a new era of national security imperatives".
Pronouncing the end of the 9/11 decade, she looked to the future: "It will be an era in which the behaviour of states, not non-state actors, will be the most important driver and shaper of Australia's national security thinking."
In other words, time to get beyond a preoccupation with terrorism and look to the old-fashioned business of statecraft. She pointed in particular to the tensions between the United States and China as the defining question.
Tony Abbott, opposition leader at the time, took issue with her: "The most important security threats we face are Islamist terrorism and an unstable world."
Two years on, Abbott has given his own prime ministerial statement on national security. It was wholly about terrorism and the rise of a "new dark age". There was not a single word in last week's speech on the dangers of competition between nations.
The rise of the barbarians of the so-called Islamic State is rightly concentrating a lot of time and energy in the civilised world.
Yet while we remain preoccupied with this new danger, the old ones are rampant.
Russia invaded Georgia in 2008. Today it is invading its neighbour, Ukraine, while pretending it is not. Russia has resumed long-range patrols of the US coastline by its nuclear-armed bombers. It is intimidating Europe with aggressive military manoeuvring.
A leader of the opposition movement, Boris Nemtsov, was gunned down in Moscow at the weekend. He was to lead a major protest rally against Vladimir Putin this week. Putin denies involvement in the murder.
Nemtsov was planning to unveil information, the opposition veteran said, about the Russian forces invading Ukraine, and this information would create "deep disgust" with Putin among the army and the security services.
China continues to advance its claims on the territory of its neighbours. Although it's been smart enough to tone down its rhetoric in recent months, it has quietly raced ahead with building military bases and fortifications in four separate parts of an island chain that is also claimed by five other nations of Asia.
Satellite photos of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea last month show that "where it used to have a few small concrete platforms, it now has full islands with helipads, airstrips, harbours and facilities to support large numbers of troops", said an analyst at IHS Jane's Defence Weekly, James Hardy, reported in the Wall Street Journal.
"We can see that this is a methodical, well-planned campaign to create a chain of air and sea-capable fortresses across the centre of the Spratly Islands chain", parts of which are also claimed by Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan.
Beijing had promised these countries that it would make no provocative moves on the Spratlys while it negotiated a code of conduct with all claimants. The US has described the accelerated Chinese construction program as "destabilising" and asked Beijing to desist. China, the world's second-biggest military spender, has paid no heed.
Abbott was right to criticise Gillard for being too narrowly focused on one type of threat. But Abbot, similarly, was too narrow in his own statement. Both prime ministers were guilty of the same sin – faddism.
The truth is that Australia, and the world, have to face squarely all the threats to peace and stability. "States" and "non-states" alike. There is no need to divide them into separate baskets, with one in fashion and one out at any given moment. In fact, these rising risks can all be classed under the same broad political rubric. The world has seen it before.
The regimes in Russia, China and the so-called Islamic State are all fascist. The defining characteristics of fascists? First, they are authoritarian. Freedoms are curbed. The people are allowed no rights to resist the will of their rulers. Dissent is crushed, and crushed violently if necessary.
Second, power is highly centralised. Third, the nation is exalted above the people. Hypernationalism or jingoism is powered by a sense of historical grievance or victimhood. Putin says the West is intent on "tearing out the claws and teeth" of the Russian bear. His chief cause is restoring Russia to greatness.
China is overcoming its "century of humiliation" at the hands of Western imperialism. To this day, Chinese children are exhorted to "never forget national humiliation". IS has declared its purpose is to "restore the caliphate". Its leader and self-declared caliph, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, announced that "the West has reduced the Islamic world to nothing". His aim: "We want to restore the greatness of Islam."
There are many differences. Russia is notionally a democracy; China is run by a party that is nominally communist; the so-called Islamic State claims to act in the name of Allah.
Yet all three operate as fascist entities. Fascism "abandons democratic liberties and pursues with redemptive violence and without ethical or legal restraints goals of internal cleansing and external expansion", as Robert Paxton put it in his book, The Anatomy of Fascism.
In short, there is no need for Western leaders to play word games and declare security fashions. All three of these rising threats are enemies of freedom. They deny freedom to their own people, and they ride roughshod over the rights of other peoples.
The world confronts a resurgent fascism. It doesn't seem that the West, absorbed with economic crises in Europe and political dysfunction in the US, comprehends fully the force and fury rising against it.
Peter Hartcher is the international editor.
来源：The Sydney Morning Herald
[博讯综合报道] (Modified on 2015/3/05) (博讯 boxun.com)
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