As for your next update, you can also view the thread that I have created recently that pertains to a similar topic.
Blockchain Basic: Number System | Random Number | Hash Function
I hope that it will somehow help you in your research especially on hashes. I would love to hear another lesson from you.

@o_e_l_e_o is correct. It would be nice if you are going to edit the correction made by @pooya87. Furthermore, it is also important to keep in mind the basic number system specifically the difference between these 3 classifications used by machines and humans.

Is there any prerequisite subject to understand all of these related terms?

I am familiar using C++ programming language and I am currently using mycelium wallet just to familiarize myself to see the actual addresses of native segwit, legacy and segwit, I also understand the importance of seed phrase in a wallet. However, I think those are not enough to dive in to a more technical part of it.

Thank you for all of the guides @o_e_l_e_o. I assure you that I will study those lecture.

Unfortunately, the forum history found at the bottom of the Statistics center has stopped updating since December 2017. That is why only the total number of posts, online members, members and created topic can be seen in real time.

I remember there is a newbie who created a real time Bitcointalk Stats Live Counter. You can look for further information regarding that topic. Here is the link: I created the Bitcointalk Stats Live Counter

You can also check an interesting stats viewer created by DdmrDdmr

It is also good to mention this thread created by tranthidung which is (Un)official pages that store forum data

And of course from LoyceV [overview] LoyceV's useful data on Bitcointalk

Greetings fillippone,

Is there anyone in the Pilipinas community who requested to take a mandate from you to translate this well written article of you which is Stock To Flow Model: Modeling Bitcoin's Value with Scarcity. I have a lot of time at my disposal and I am planning to create a translation of our Local Board Pilipinas, and I think I am going to learn a lot from this articles of yours about the economic effects of scarcity nature of bitcoin.

If you allowed me do to so, Is there any deadline? But of course, I am going to finish this translation as soon as possible.

Hey I admire your effort in constructing the a simple guide regarding the derivation path use in many cryptocurrency wallet. I am hearing these terms when someone is having a trouble with their wallet in Developmental and Technical Discussions.

But it would be more useful if you are writing an in-depth explanation what is the use of derivation path, why is it useful and what are the prerequisites in order to fully understand them.

I admit that I am still a beginner when it comes to these matter but still I am trying to understand this as much as I can. 

I understand and it varies depending on the transaction we are doing. For example, it is obvious the we should wait for about 50 - 60 confirmation if we are dealing with a huge amount of money maybe around millions of dollars or 70 confirmations if I am selling an empty lot.


I see but I am wondering where did the second transaction go if it was the first transaction to get included in the blockchain. Why is the reseller does not receive the equivalent amount of bitcoin? Does it mean the duplicated block was sent to himself?

I understand that one of the double spending attack is by increasing the tx fee of the second block. So it means there is no such thing like "cancelling the transaction" whenever it is broadcasted in the network.

This may not be very accurate since my answer is purely based on books and internet that I have previously read.

Based from the answers above, your friend needs to wait for at least six confirmation before sending the fiat equivalent of bitcoin. Why? because if the transaction is under 3 confirmation, the sender can technically cancel the transaction by duplicating the first transaction which means the duplicate block has to be the same input similar to the first transaction. Furthermore, in order for the miners to include the the second transaction in the blockchain, it should have a larger transaction fee compared to the first transaction making the first transaction to be ignored or invalidated (canceled).

That is why the bitcoin sender uses the trick of having 2 separated transaction. Tell your friend that if he is transacting a large sum of money, make sure that the transaction gets enough confirmation which is 6 before sending whatever amount of money or exchanging the goods.

This is how I understand the double spending, if there is any error in my explanation feel free to correct me.

Here is an additional read about double spending.
https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/4515/3576
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20929564/canceling-a-bitcoin-transaction

Earning 800 plus of merits is a real deal of being a great poster and now you are a potential Hero Member. I joined bitcointalk in the year 2017 and I managed to rank up into a "Member" before the merit system was introduced. I became a "Full Member" because with the help of merit spree during the last 10th anniversary art contest, the merits I received from the contest gives me hope that I can somehow reach a higher rank and appreciate the importance of the community.

It makes me envious to see people who registered after me and surpassing my merit count but then, I realized that it is just an indication to learn and contribute for the betterment of the community.


Thank you for the encouragement. This is the first I am interacting with you and it is a pleasure mate!


For sure that you are accessing the forum illegally. Always keep an eye!

Correct, I don't know why everyone is having a difficulty in understanding modulo operator and find it complicated, maybe because of the way I write the lecture and examples. If they are going to carefully examine the problem and the explanation of the first part of the lecture, they can understand it very well up to the very last example.


I did not consider including that topic here because you cannot easily solve modular multiplicative inverse if they do not understand the basic principle of modulo. That topic is very interesting and fun to solve. It is similar with Division Algorithm and Euclidean Algorithm.

I am thinking if I will going to create another post regarding those mathematical concept. Do you think it is a good idea @pooya87?

Thanks for having an interest in topic. It gives me hope, thank you so much.

Here are my threads. I also do not mind you to give me a merit, its just that I want to contribute in your list of useful threads to help educate other people and add these to your personal arsenal of threads.

Blockchain Basic: Understanding Modulo Operation
Blockchain Basic: Number System | Random Number | Hash Function
[RESOURCES] Free bitcoin/blockchain/finance eBook.

PHP Address na lang po! Confirmed na



Edit: Payment sent! Reference id g01e6jahc573

Username: Maus0728
Mobile Number: 09081417106
Load amount: PHP 50
Payment Date: April 23, 2020

Goodeve kabayan, I ran out of PHP in my coins wallet. Balik ko tom! Regular yan. Urgent need lang po

Bitcointalk profile link: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=1289002
Current amount of posts (including this one): 547
Amount of merit EARNED in the last 120 days: 268
SegWit BTC Address for Payouts: 3FwSGzmN4ykMeTvoFk5b86qrm9w94VH2NA

Yes, you don't have to predict the next card which is the third card drawn from the deck. You are only going to predict if the third card will fall in between your 2 cards.


That is why I love playing this type of card game, it is very simple and enjoyable.


Totally agreed, actually this is the point of this post. I am a beginner when it comes to gambling so the tendency is, I will likely stick to the game I am familiar to play with similarly in traditional gambling.

I am also not a heavy gambler and I play when I was about to relax after a long exhausting day.

Totally agreed, I first encounter this awesome game when I am in the company of my college friends before this pandemic. At first, I refused to play along with them because gambling is not really included in my interests and I thought that this is illegal to play with but then, after few minutes of observing their gameplay, I tend to be persuaded due to its simplicity.

Another thing that interest me is that the pot, we started playing with a very low amount of money but surprisingly, the sum of money gets bigger when the third card of another player did not fall in-between their two cards. And indeed, this game is fast paced and easy to play compare to other gambling games.


So far, this is the only game I am familiar with aside from poker. I still need to learn and study other gambling games.

Yes, that is why this betting game is really addictive and fun to play even though that the starting pot is low. This games is still based purely on luck, the chances of winning depends on the starting 2 cards.


How unfortunate! Maybe this game is not well known globally. But I wish that the reputable crypto gambling site will consider this awesome game.


Wow, I will check this immediately. Thank you so much for the recommendation. 

Greetings Everyone,

I just wanted to ask if there is a reputable gambling website that has In-Between or Acey Deucey, also known as Yablon. Honestly, this is the only game I played in real life when it comes to gambling and I enjoy playing it due to its simple betting rule.

For those people who has no idea about this game, let me quote its definition according to Wiki.

This topic has been moved to Development & Technical Discussion.
I moved this topic because I think this is too much for newcomers to understand though this is just concept and just wanted to share what I have learned in the community. Thank you
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5241704.0

.UNDERSTANDING MODULO

While I am searching in this forum about blockchain topic, I came across in this topic secp256k1 parameters: when to use what as a modulus? that pertains to a familiar term called Modulo. Modulo is one of the lesson we’ve covered in one of the required subject in my course called Discrete Mathematics, so I decided to review my lecture notes and create an informative post since I have a basic understanding how Modulo operates.

How Modulo is related in cryptography?

Upon searching on the internet, having an understanding of Modulo is one of the basic mathematical foundations necessary to understand blockchain and elliptic curve cryptography. Based on the last topic that I have created about Hash Function Blockchain Basic: Number System | Random Number | Hash Function, we can say that hashes are irreversible meaning that it is a one way process. It is irreversible in the sense that for each input you have exactly one output or multiple input can yield the same exact output. In simpler terms, we cannot determine the input value based only in the output value because there are many possible number input in order to get the same exact answer. (ref1, ref2, ref3)

Key Takeaway

• The mathematical law of Modulo operator is similar to the irreversibility of cryptographic hashes.
• Cryptographic hashes are designed to be irreversible and collision resistant

.MODULO

We define Z_n as the set of integers from {0, 1, 2, 3, ... n-1} modulo n. Note that  Z_n has exactly n nonnegative integers. In particular, we define Z_n with the following set of positive integers.

Z₃ = {0, 1, 2}, modulo 3
Z₅ = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, modulo 5
Z₇ = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, modulo 7

In Z_n, modulo is simply the remainder r when an integer a ∈ Z is divided by n, i.e.

a/n has remainder r < n

.Example 1

Find the remainder of the integers a) 9 ; b) 29 in Z₃, Z₄, Z₅ and Z₇

Solution:

a) 9

Z₃ : r = 0 Explanation: 9 / 3 = 3 with 0 remainder
Z₄ : r = 1 Explanation: 9 / 4 = 2 ; 4 * 2 = 8 ; 9 - 8 = 1 remainder ==> This is an example irreversibility meaning different input can yield the same exact output
Z₅ : r = 4 Explanation: 9 / 5 = 1 ; 5 * 1 = 5 ; 9 - 5 = 4 remainder
Z₇: r = 2  Explanation: 9 / 7 = 1 ; 7 * 1 = 1 ; 9 - 7 = 2 remainder

b) 29

Z₃ : r = 2 Explanation: 29 / 3 = 9 ; 3 * 9 = 27 ; 29 - 27 = 2
Z₄ : r = 1 Explanation: 29 / 4 = 7 ; 4 * 7 = 28 ; 29 - 28 = 1 ==> This is an example irreversibility meaning different input can yield the same exact output
Z₅ : r = 4 Explanation: 29 / 5 = 5 ; 5 * 5 = 25 ; 29 - 25 = 4
Z₇ : r = 1 Explanation: 29 / 7 = 4 ; 7 * 4 = 28 ; 29 - 28 = 1

.Example 2

Perform the following in Z₃, Z₅, Z₇

a)  3 + 5
b)  6 ∙ 2

Solution:

a)  3 + 5

Z₃ :3 + 5 = 2 Explanation: Sum = 8 ; 8 / 3 = 2 ; 3 * 2 = 6 ; 8 - 6 = 2
Z₅ :3 + 5 = 3 Explanation: Sum = 8 ; 8 / 5 = 1 ; 5 * 1 = 5 ; 8 - 5 = 3
Z₇ :3 + 5 = 1 Explanation: Sum = 8 ; 8 / 7 = 1 ; 7 * 1 = 7 ; 8 - 7 = 1

b)  6 ∙ 2

Z₃ :6 ∙ 2 = 0 Explanation: Product = 12 ; 12 / 3 = 4 ; 3 * 4 = 12 ; 12 - 12 = 0
Z₅ :6 ∙ 2 = 2 Explanation: Product = 12 ; 12 / 5 = 2 ; 5 * 2 = 10 ; 12 - 10 = 2
Z₇ :6 ∙ 2 = 5 Explanation: Product = 12 ; 12 / 7 = 1 ; 7 * 1 = 7 ; 12 - 7 = 5

CONSTRUCTING TABLES OF Z_n

1. In Z₃ = {0, 1, 2}

Z₃ is closed under the binary operations of multiplication of integers modulo 3


Find the following:

1. -1 (add value of n) = 2
2. -2 (add value of n) = 1
3. 1 / 2(multiplicative inverse of 2; or 2-1) = 2 ==> refer to the table above in order to get the modulo involving fractions

Note: If there is a negative integer add the value of n to get the modulo. In this example n = 3

2. In Z₅ = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

Z₅ is closed under the binary operations of multiplication of integers modulo 5.


Find the following:

1. -1 = 4 Explanation: -1 + 5 = 4
2. -2 = 3 Explanation: -2 + 5 = 3
3. -3 = 2 Explanation: -3 + 5 = 2
4. -4 = 1 Explanation: -4 + 5 = 1
5. 1 / 2 = 3 Explanation: refer to the table above
6. 1 /3 = 2 Explanation: by looking at the numerator
7. 1 / 4 = 4 Explanation: and denominator
8. 2 / 3 = 4
9. - 3 / 4 = 3

In the next following example there will be no explanation to the correct answer given

3. In Z₃, find the following:

a) 2 - 3 = 2 + 0 = 2
b) -2 - 1 = 1 + 2 = 0
c) -1 / 2 = -2 = 1
d) -3 + 1 / 2 = 0 + 2 = 2
e) 2[-2 ÷ (-1)] = 2[1 ÷ 2] = 2 (1 / 2) = 2(2) = 1
f) -1 ÷ (-2) = 2 / 1 = 2

4. In Z₅, find the following:

a) 1 / 3+ 1 /2 = 2 + 3 = 0
b) -3 + 1 / 4 = 2 + 4 = 1
c) -1 / 3 + 1 / 4 = -2 + 4 = 3 + 4 = 2
d) - 2 / 3 + 3 / 4 = -4 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3

5. Construct the table for Z₄ using the binary operation of multiplication and find the following:

a) -3 + 5
b) 2 - 1 / 3
c) 1 / 2


a) -3 + 5 = 1 + 5 = 2
b) 2 - 1 / 3 = 2 - 3 = 2 + 1 = 3
c) 1 / 2 = does not exist (DNE)

.MORE EXERCISES

1. -4 + 2/5 in Z₇
= 3 + 6
= 9
= 2

2. - 3 / 10 + 6 – 4 / 7 in Z₁₁
= -8 + 6 – 10
= 3 + 6 + 1
= 10

3. -6 – 4 / 9 + 1 / 4 in Z₁₀
= 4 – 6 + ?
= does not exist/ undefined

4. 7 - 75 in Z₇
= 7 – 75 = -68
= -61 = -54= -47= -40= -33= -26= -19= -12= -5= 2 Explanation: add value of n until the answer become positive integer.

General note: Negative answer in modulo is restricted

---

Thank you for reading my topic regarding modulo. I hope that this topic helps you to understand the underlying importance behind the concept of blockhain. Thank you

Confirmed receipt. Thank you for the opportunity to lend you some help.