Only make use of wallets that support private keys and seed phrase (paper for bitcoin or hardware for both bitcoin and altcoin is excellent as it can bypass any other protection like pin, finger print or password).

So far you save it for your loved ones to inherit it, it will be good to use a wallet that support BIP39, the reason is because only this backup is excellent enough, all you need to do is to let your loved ones know about bitcoin and how to operate wallets, they should know how BIP39 is so useful to the extent that they can use it to recover back whole funds/cryptocurrencies  from another BIP39 wallets, letting them know about hackers and scammers too.

So, all you will let them be able to access it the BIP39/seed phrase. With this, no 2FA, finger print, password, pin or any other access codes is required to have access to the funds so far the cryptocurrencies are stored on their individual blockchains which their private keys can access, the seed phrase is easily used to access all the private keys at ones and have access to all the cryptocurrencies.

Exchanges are not safe for this purpose as it could have been hacked and does not support BIP 39
Do not use custodial wallet/API key wallets because they do not support BIP39
Use BIP39 wallet that can be easily recovered from other BIP39 wallets for easy recovery.
Indicate the wallet you used for the cryptocurrencies.

We have a thread on this forum about the best way to backup BIP39/seed phrase, this is all what you need.
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5256197.msg54635541#msg54635541

For example, hardware wallets like ledger nano are commonly used for payment in stores, if the PBF attackers send many compromised transactions, this will only appear on the balance but the bitcoins are not usable, if the usable funds are completely used, the rest which appear in the balance which is unusable makes the wallet useless. The attacker will continuously sending the certain amount of bitcoin and diverting it to another wallet to only tricking the wallet owner thinking he actually have what he does not have but only appearing on his bitcoin balance on the ledger nano wallet.

If a wallet can function in a way to display on the balance only bitcoin that has all already been mined, this will be a good solution but as for the coin control, I do not know, I am still learning.

Some wallets could work this way and indeed not possible for such replace-by-fee function to trick wallet owners, and the denial of service will not be possible.

It is not actually a trick that can affect people that knows about it. No complete confirmations no service will be good.

I want to appreciate the campaign manager, CryptopreneurBrainboss for his potential works towards the continuation of this campaign success, I really appreciate the time I spent here for been my campaign manager. I am officially declearing that I am leaving the campaign. Also, thanks to other members that has contributed to my successes here when I was here, let us continue to advise ourselves to follow the rules and post constructively in a way our campaign manager will be so pleased, it is for our own good.

While real with cryptocurrencies, we need to be careful, all processes to knowing a transaction is not only propagated into the blockchain but also has been confirmed should be done, checking this on your wallet (I mean the complete confirmation) and also using the blockchain explorer will be good.

Transaction with zero confirmation can normally be reversed also transactions that have not been completely confirmed can possibly be swapped by replacing/increasing the fee to divert the transactions to another wallet. Even if this has not happened to anyone of us before, we should be careful for not to be a victim.

We should only believe in transactions that has been mined.

The double spending here talked about here is different, this one happens in a way someone can send you bitcoin making you to believe the transaction has been or will be successful but not yet been mined, the person will use higher fee to easily swap the bitcoin to another wallet, which means the person double spend the bitcoin. This does not affect the total number of bitcoin in circulation.

As copied from the link above: https://www.coindesk.com/researchers-expose-flaw-in-bitcoin-wallets-that-could-be-exploited-for-double-spending
The firm tested nine different wallets including Ledger Live, Trust wallet, Exodus, Edge, Bread, Coinbase, Blockstream Green, Blockchain and Atomic Wallet. Of those tested, three were found to be vulnerable to the theoretical exploit.

Electrum wallet was never listed and out of the wallet listed only 3 were found to have the RBF and DOS vulnerability.

Also copied from the link: https://www.coindesk.com/researchers-expose-flaw-in-bitcoin-wallets-that-could-be-exploited-for-double-spending
We have not tested all the wallets but it could be that if three of the largest are implicated, more out there are too,” Ohayon said. ZenGo alerted the firms about its findings, and gave them 90 days to repair the vulnerability.

Ledger and BRD have released code changes to prevent the attack from happening, and paid undisclosed bug bounties to ZenGo, while Edge is currently undergoing a “significant refactor” that will address the issue, Edge’s CEO Paul Puey said in an email.

If not true, while ledger and bread wallet have so far response about it.

The worst part of is that it is also reported this type of attack can disabled wallet completely with the knowledge of the wallet owner

Also copied from the link: https://www.coindesk.com/researchers-expose-flaw-in-bitcoin-wallets-that-could-be-exploited-for-double-spending
However, ZenGo researchers found there is a second order attack, which follows the same scheme outlined above, which could permanently disable a wallet with or without the victim’s knowledge of the transaction.

In this case, the attacker again artificially inflates a victim’s balance by sending repeated transactions to her wallet. This can be done without a victim’s consent. By canceling the transactions before confirmed, the victim’s stated wallet balance and actual funds are again decoupled, making their wallet unusable. Worse, the attack can affect multiple wallets at the same time.

Let us only believe in only transactions that has been mined.

I have checked the link: https://github.com/igorbarinov/awesome-bitcoin

It will be a good beginning to anyone that want to know about bitcoin and how blockchain works generally, the programming languages used and how wallets are created, also are articles about open source wallets, full nodes and API keys. I have learnt little about these and I prefer to refer to wallets with API keys as not a true wallet because they make wallet owner not to connect to the blockchain directly by connecting to the blockchain through third party, coinbase is an example.

C++ Libraries, JavaScript Libraries, PHP Libraries, Ruby Libraries, Python Libraries, Java Libraries, Scala Libraries, .Net Libraries are the programming aspect used to make bitcoin a successful digital and decentralized payment system in a way it is not subceptible to distributed computing problem known as Byzantine Generals' Problem."

The open source wallets address the issue of how open source codes are better in bitcoin blockchain and wallet makeup, for example, electrum bitcoin wallet which is open source, security vulnerabilities are easily fixed because this type of source codes are available to multitudes/public to fix any error compared to close source codes.

Full nodes such as bitcoin core and bitcoind talks completely about how this softwares are able to download the whole blockchain, and also using it in initiating transactions directly from Blockchain rather than some that are not full nodes but API like coinbase.

If someone really want to have a great start to all this, I will recommend mastering bitcoin which is freely accessible on github.

https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/README.md

So, after, you can cotinue studying about bitcoin using the link above.

Bitcointalk profile link: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=2776678
Current amount of posts (including this one): 261
How much merit have you earned in the last 120 days: 166
SegWit BTC Address for Payouts: bc1q2z0akl7u7w2uk3hunsut9l6r046huew4vlex6u

I have noticed this long time ago, but this write up explained it more, I registered on a site to solve captcha and be paid, I had to research about how faucets are generating their income because I solved captcha on faucets too, I later realized people thinking they are getting free coins are actually the one working for faucets or any other site proving to give free coins by solving captcha. 20 satoshi for individual per hour after solving captcha is not profitabe at all but the sites if true generating 80 satoshi per millions of visitors/user makes them rich, people only working for them thinking it is free coins but not.

In my opinion, you are right, the price of bitcoin will be the determinant. I liked the 2016 and 2020 halving examples you used, but I also remembered in November 2012 before halving, the price of bitcoin was around $12. So

Btc price before 2012 halving:  $12
Price of btc before 2016 halving:  $600
Price of btc before 2020 halving:  $8900

So, like you said, the halving reward is reducing but bitcoin price is increasing which makes miners to be encouraged and mine bitcoin, 2020 has been the year of highest hashes generated by miners and possibly this may still continue to increase because:

More people are getting to know bitcoin and are buying it
Organizations are getting to adopt bitcoin, a good example is the human rights organization.
Even, countries are accepting it the more, recently you can pay in posts offices in Australia in bitcoin now and many more.

The way world are accepting bitcoin, the more the adoption, the more the increase in bitcoin price, if bitcoin price increase, miners will be encouraged, if miners are encouraged, more miners (mining machines) will be used, hashes generated by miners will increase to continually and sufficiently securing bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin was created by Satoshi, he made it a deflationary digital currency and make it work using an algorithm in which it halves in every 210,000 blocks, anytime miners have mined 210,000 blocks, bitcoin will halve in which the supply will halve as well as miners reward will also halve. As to maybe is a theory, bitcoin has halved three times before after every 210,000 blocks are mined.

You are right, some new members deserve to be treated good but it is also good to be rude to them, it is even not actually rudeness but corrections, stale members wants to them realize their mistakes and not posting the way they like, we have standard ways of posting here, our posts must be authentic and of high quality which stale member like. Instead for newbies to first ask what to do, they ask for how to earn money, how to rank up and how to get merits, these are all wrong, if newbies are polite, they will be treated politely.

For example, you have $1,000 and you want to trade 50x leverage

It means 50 multiply by $1,000 which is equals to $50000.

You will be able to borrow $50,000 with $1000 from an exchange that offers margin/leverage trading.

But you have to know that the more leverage you go the more risky the trade but also the more you can gain, it depends on the market, if the market favor your prediction, you will gain but if the market goes another way around, your asset/coin you used to borrow the large amount of coins will be liquidated.

For example, 100x leverage is riskier/or profitable than 50x while 50x is riskier/ or profitable than 10x and so on and the profit or loss depending on the market price of the coin you borrowed, if it increase in price you are favored and your collateral will not be liquidated but if otherwise your collateral will be liquidated.

For beginners, you can read more about it
https://www.binance.vision/economics/what-is-margin-trading

This is good, you can go ahead but make sure you understand about cryptocurrencies excellently before you will start to teach them, they only still need to know the basic aspect. In my suggestion, these are what should first be taught:
*  Telling them what bitcoin is
*  Telling them about wallets and and their uses
*  Exchanges, types and functions.
*  How to maintain privacy
*  Hodling, trading and the risky they may pose.
*  How Altcoins are more volatile and how they are more risky and their benefits
*  Try to let them know little about mining
*  Also about hackers, malware and crypto scam.

Man United is a good team but they lost 2 of their last five matches, they drew 2 as well, only won 1. Brighton & Hove Albion has home advantage, but that does not mean Man United may not win, but Brighton & Hove Albion had lost only 4 home matches since the beginning of the season, losing 1 out of five last matches and drew 3. This match is not predictable because Man United are not performing the way we are expecting.

I strongly believe this, I have known coronavius since my second school age, but covid-19 is another mutated form of the same virus that had been existing from ages, our accestors had ways to cure this virus and their immune system was so strong to combat the virus even completely in the past. Normally, tiny organisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoans are able to mutate from one form to another ina very short period of time, this evident the fact that this virus would have mutated in the past but people are yet still easily cured.

Scientific research has even led to ways deadly micro-organisms can be created and reproduced, the existing ones can even be genetically modified and mutated artificially, it is even possible that some cruel scientists could be behind the cause of some modern era diseases in order for the world to be more dependent on them, and now it is happening, the world are depending on pharmaceutical industries.

Instead for the scientists to focus on traditional medicines, and ways to boost immune system naturally, advising and telling reasons good lifestyles are beneficial, trying to reduce or extint environmental agents like smoke and chemicals that can reduce immune system, they busy focusing on what could make humans dependent on the drugs they are creating. And the fact still remain, drugs weakens immune system.

Drugs positive effect are just acute, but over long time period the immune system weakens and later deadly pathogens mutate and more adapting to human body in order to illicit there detrimental effects which can lead to death.

You will have to change this mentality if you want to rank up, my very first topic earned a merit, my second topic earned ore than 5 merits, I have made topics that earned more than 15 merits, I joined less than four months ago. I was so patient to learn about the forum, knowing their rules and ways of meriting posts before starting at first.

I will advice you to be positive about high rank members still give merits to low rank members, study the high rank members, knowing how they comment to topics, there will be similar things like that later again, comment like them and they will not hesitate to rank your post. Also check merited posts to improve yours. Good luck.

You are very right, before newbies can make good posts on this forum, he has to know about the forum, checking past threads will help and also learning about bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Newbies have to be submissive for corrections from stale members with excellent ranks, I have noticed many newbies, they did not want to admit and continuing making poor posts, these type of people will really find it so hard to rank up, he may not even earn a merit.

It is also good to work hard and to be patient, this are required on the forum, you have to learn and enjoy learning about bitcoin, if you are patient and hard work making quality posts, this forum will be easy for you.

Also, newbies should know this forum is not for making money, also not for making bitcoin, this forum is about learning and if you are serious and have learnt to an extent, you will make posts that people behind you will also learn from.

Be careful of new exchanges, most new exchanges are completely scam from inside to outside, I have checked coinmarketcap and the scam exchange not found, it is completely scam.

I did not focus it only on merit, I still centered it on authentic posts which is the aim of this forum, if newbies checked authentic posts on this forum, there is no way he will not improve about bitcoin in terms of technology as well. The more newbies research, learn and post authentic contents on this forum, he will know more about bitcoin even in term technology and the more he will be given merits and the more he will rank up else no merits no ranking up.

Introduction
I have noticed some new members on this forum are unable to earn merits, merits are important as they are used in ranking up from brand new member to legendary, most new members are unable to rank up because they did not posts quality contents, there are certain hidden things  but not hard to know about this forum to helping in ranking up. So, I decided to use this time to tell you some of these.

Before you can be qualified to earn merits on this forum you need to possess certain qualities, bitcointalk is not for everyone but for quality members, quality members are those that contribute to this forum in one way or the other, as a newbie that needs to rank up, you need to contribute, you need to have excellent knowledge about bitcoin, other cryptocurrencies and others sections pertaining to the forum, with this you need to posses these qualities:

Diligence
Even, without hardwork nobody can make it in life, some people are just here for money and got nothing because they do not know the forum is about learning and contributing knowledge, all they know is how to get money forgetting life is one step after the other. This forum are not for lazy people but for hardworking people, today can be tough but tomorrow will be better.

Patience
If I am not patient, I can not get to the full member position because I earned nothing but only posting on the forum, people only thinking about the bitcoin part but not about the contributing parts, you have to be patient because signature campaigns are not for newbies and it takes time before ranking up.

Believing in opportunities the forum can bring
This will be your fuel to make quality posts. I believe opportunities, but opportunities runs towords people that work for it. Work hard, be patient and opportunities will come, this is how someone can be one of the established members of this forum.

Admitting to corrections
Newbies are newbies and should admit to corrections,  I thought I knew all when I joined this forum but later knew I have known nothing, there are people here that read, sleep, wake up and everything they like doing is bitcoin and crypto related and for many years, that is why I always admit what high ranked members say and I later noticed they are always right, especially the legendary members.

Learning about the high ranked members
This is so important, learn what highly ranked members and merit sources do comment about, knowing how they comment and what and what exactly they comment, if you post or comment to posts like them, they will like your post and merit it.

Optimistic
This helps me a lot, I know with patience and hardwork I will get there one day, always thinking of better tomorrow, I have aims and goals of joining this forum and I know it will be done because I aim high and so you can do also.
 

How to rank up
Newbies do complain about one thing, that there posts are not merited, some will sign up all to ask how they can earn bitcoin or money, instead asking about the purpose, the aims and objectives of the forum rather than how to earn bitcoin and merits or to become a lengedary. Before newbie can earn bitcoin through signature campaign here, he needs merit to rank up gradually, and there are three main reasons your posts can earn merits.

Learning about the forum
The first step to earning merit is to learn about how the forum works, knowing what kind of posts can be merited, also know other things about the forum. Checking about merited posts is a prerequisite to earning merits because checking merited posts gives more information about how authentic and excellent the posts merited are, this really helped me.

Giving authentic information
No spamming, no plagiarism, no falsification of information to prove a point or write up,  no misinterpretation of valid points, reading from a legit and right source are requisites to earning merits, your write up and replies must be constructive, coherent, free from grammatical blunders and typing errors, it should be qualitative and useful.

Excellent in work
Do a thorough research to get valid points, giving no room to execuses. And excellent work will contain only authentic information. With this, some smerit givers will merit your posts. If your post is not merited, you will still be confident to report it in a thread created for unmerited posts.


Conclusion
You will have to work hard because this forum are not for lazy people, many newbies not getting ways to rank up because all they think about is to make bitcoin, but this forum main aim is to learn and contribute to learning which is the requisite to ranking up and earning from signature campaigns, that is why the most frequent saying of highly ranked members to newbies is that this forum is not about making bitcoin or money but about learning and contributing to the forum what you have learnt and experienced about bitcoin and other things pertaining to the forum.

The name of the person that sold pizza for bitcoin was Jeremy Sturdivant (jercos),  Laszlo Hanyecz even thanked him on this forum for the successful trade of bitcoin for pizza





https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Jercos
Jeremy Sturdivant (jercos) was the counter-party to Laszlo Hanyecz in the first documented purchase of a tangible good or service using bitcoin. On May 22, 2010 Laszlo Hanyecz famously declared success in his four day quest to trade 10,000 BTC for “a couple of pizzas”, posting on a bitcointalk forum page:

“I just want to report that I successfully traded 10,000 bitcoins for pizza. Thanks jercos!”

According to jercos the transaction was finalized over IRC chats. Jercos was 18 at the time of the transaction. At one time in late 2013 10,000 bitcoins was worth over USD$12million.