...Póki co cena jest jako-tako stabilna, poczekajmy na raporty wyników pierwszego kwartału przez spółki giełdowe pod koniec kwietnia + jakie będzie z bezrobociem + kończące się oszczędności wielu ludzi i firm przez najbliższe tygodnie.
Nie trzeba być prorokiem, żeby wywróżyć, że te raporty, będą jednymi z najgorszych w historii. Pomimo pompowania pieniędzy w gospodarki, sektor usług leży na łopatkach, bezrobocie będzie rosło, bo firmy będą padać (z oczywistych względów), inflacja wystrzeli (hiperinflacja), spowolnienie gospodarcze, itd. Trudne czasy idą, ale powiem szczerze, że podczas kryzysu w 2008 roku, miałem, takie wewnętrzne przeczucie, że nie będzie wesoło, a teraz podczas aktualnej pandemii, jakoś nie jestem do końca przekonany, chociaż fakty mówią za siebie, a raczej krzyczą na alarm. |
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Nie wiem czy zauważyliście, że BSV (ten shitcoin Craiga W.   ), jest już na szóstym miejscu w ogólnym rankingu kryptowalut. Prześcignął nawet Litecoina i brakuje, tylko troszkę, żeby przeskoczył Bitcoin Cash. Już nie wspomnę, że jest przed Binance Coin, co moim zdaniem, jest zupełnie bez sensu i dowodzi, że to prawda, że rynek wycenia zazwyczaj źle.  https://www.coingecko.com/enJest tyle dobrych projektów i jak widzę Tether, BSV, BCH czy Ripple na pierwszych miejscach w rankingu, to wydaje mi sie, że jest to najlepszy dowód na to, że na prawdę dużo sie zmieniło w świecie kryptowalut i pewnie czeka nas, jeszcze nie jeden zimny prysznic. Wychodzi na to, że pomimo braku akceptacji ze strony społeczności BTC dla BSV, Ripple, BCH czy Tether (USDT), nie wpływa to na ich wartość, cały czas osłabiając pozycję Bitcoina, jako lidera. Nie ważne, że połowa z nich, to w ogóle nie są kryptowaluty, a reszta, to zwykłe kopie BTC. Wychodzi na to, że rynek nie zwraca, żadnej uwagi na społeczność i jej opinie, wyceniając te altcoiny. Kto z Was przypuszczał, jeszcze parę miesięcy temu, że ranking kryptowalut będzie wyglądał tak jak dzisiaj? |
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As this is the section in which we discuss services, I want to share here the latest tool from Bitcoinwisdom.io that I recently found. AGGREGATED HEATMAP allows traders to see when buy and sale orders are positioned on the market, so now it's easier to see how these huge orders have an impact on Bitcoin's value. Completely new software that makes it easier to watch the whales who control the Bitcoin market.  https://bitcoinwisdom.io/the-heatmapHow does AGGREGATED HEATMAP work? With regard to the purchase and sale of cryptocurrency, heat maps are used to indicate the graphical liquidity of the selected market under the type of horizontal bars at each level of value. Most cryptocurrency exchanges only present a heat map of their own order books. The horizontal axis of this chart represents time, while the vertical axis represents the value of the order. Orders in each value range are marked with a colored block, and the depth of this color represents a variety of orders with this value. UPDATE Bitcoinwisdom updated their AGGREGATED HEATMAP lately and added a couple of new features. Now we can easily choose between different exchanges or select them all to have readings from all order books, additionally, they added personalized settings to the heatmap, so now we can adjust everything to our needs. Added exchanges: Coinbase, Kraken, Bitmex, Bitstamp, Bitfinex.  https://bitcoinwisdom.io/the-heatmapAs you can see on the screen, I was able to adjust the settings and to make the reads less noisy. If you don't have any other tool for order books, then this is a great alternative, most important that it is free. If you still haven't used it, then it is for sure worth checking, especially for traders. With good personalized settings, I am able to set up correctly stop-loss orders, start or finish trades at the right time, recognize incoming corrections, buy/sell walls, etc. |
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"A reply of yours, quoted below, was deleted by a Bitcoin Forum moderator." This is literally all information received by a user whose post has been deleted, and we can't forget, that in some cases, these are long working hours that have been irrevocably removed. Of course, in 99% of cases, this is enough, because the spammer was punished, but in 1% of the cases, hours of someone's work disappeared and there is no easy way to find out why? Information: "A reply of yours, quoted below, was deleted by a Bitcoin Forum moderator." is not sufficient and there should be at least a link provided to the thread from which it was removed. TBH, there should be username added of the moderator who removed it, to be able to communicate with him, additionally, an annotation in the thread too, that the post was removed. This could be really hard to even find the proper thread from which our posts were removed without all this information or to look further for help, especially in cases that really need this second look.
As an example, I can throw here my 2 (exactly 3) posts that were recently removed. Two weeks ago two of my posts were deleted by a moderator and I found that this is really hard or even impossible for me to find out why they were removed, so I started to look for help, but to my surprise, there is not much I could do   . Both posts were published in the Mining Board, where we can see at the first look, that mining had really hard times lately, majority of threads in this section are locked and not much is going on there at all. Anyways, I was able to find two threads that were interesting for me and I knew a lot about the subject. Both threads were opened a long time ago, but still frequently updated with new comments. Of course, because there is not much going on, sometimes answers in these threads were posted with long monthly breaks. As always, before I commented there, I have read both threads fully and prepared really high-quality on-topic answers. Both threads were updated with new comments about a week or two ago and are still open and running. Both removed posts were (additionally) already merited by few members (just after publishing) and one of these posts got an answer from the thread OP in which he stated that he is interested in the info I just provided. In short, the discussion was started again. I have to add that this reply from OP was also removed.
To better understand what I am talking about, here are screens from both posts, with links to threads.  The winter mining setup Bitcoin Mining on an APPLE II Computer! Highly Impractical Other Devices? Poll!As I already mentioned, both posts were immediately merited by few members and the thread OP, here screen:  These are my first merits for deleted posts . First, I asked few members, I know here on the forum personally for help to look at these posts to find the reasons for removal, which I could have missed, but nobody was able to find it either, even other moderators, so I started by sending PM's to mods from the mining board: Gmaxwell and Frodocooper, kindly asking for explanation and help.   Only moderator Gmaxwell was so kind to answer and did it very fast after only one day:  As you can clearly see even moderators can't see the reasons for deletion I have waited good two weeks for the answer from Frodocooper but never received it .
I started this thread to discuss in a wider group the need to enrich the information that the user receives after his post is removed, but also quietly counted to find out the reason for deleting my posts, because I do not want to spam, a few additional moderators with PMs if I still even don't know who did it? As I already mentioned the provided information: "A reply of yours, quoted below, was deleted..." is not sufficient when there is a problem and one has to look for help. My suggestion will be to add an additional piece of info like: - username of a moderator who made the deletion (for an easier contact), - add a link to the thread from which post was deleted (to make it easier to find), - add an annotation in the thread from which post was deleted (to inform about deletion OP and other readers), - add the reasons for deletion (to avoid unneeded questions and additional work). I hope to discuss these suggestions with the community, additionally counting for a response from the moderator who removed my posts and that he provides valid reasons for it to let me avoid such mistakes in the future if I made any. Believe me such simple info as a link to thread can save hours of searching. I was lucky to write in mining, where threads from 2018 are still easy to find, but if someone has post deleted from an old thread in the altcoin section and he doesn't remember the title exactly, he will need a lot of luck to find it using the search function, believe me, that you won't remember the titles of the threads or even who published them, after a few hours, don't mention days or weeks. PS To be fully honest, I have to add that when I get to know that 2 of my posts were removed in a row (which happens to be very rare or even never happened before), I have written another 3rd post in The winter mining setup thread, which also was removed.  I haven't mentioned this one because I can understand that it could be removed as an off-topic (which also could be discussed ). Of course, no answer or reaction from the moderator who deleted it. |
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I'll start by explaining what hard fork is for less experienced members. Hard fork (or hardfork) - relates to blockchain technology, is a radical change to the network's protocol that makes previously invalid blocks (digital pieces of information) and transactions valid, or vice-versa. A hard fork requires all nodes or users to upgrade to the latest version of the protocol software. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-fork.aspFor a long time, there was discussion in the community about the Bitcoin scaling problem because of 1-megabyte block size, which led to longer transaction times and an increase in fees/commissions. The first hard fork took place at block #478559 on 1 August 2017, which transformed into a Bitcoin Cash (BCH), that offers larger blocks (up to 8 megabytes at the start). Of course, to be honest with everybody and myself, I have to add that the BTC scaling problem is today not so important or even can be considered as resolved because we have the Lightning Network, where BTC transactions are practically instant and very cheap. I already mentioned the most known BTC hard fork BCH and think that many of you know about another one, which is Bitcoin Gold (BTG). So, let's dig in the true history of BTC forks (hard, soft) and summarise everything chronologically:  https://www.howtotoken.com/explained/bitcoin-forks-chronology-ultimate-list-forks/As we can see there were already three soft forks (no new coin created) before BCH (XT, Unlimited, Classic) and Segwit fork before the Bitcoin Gold. For sure all of you now wonder: How Many Bitcoin Forks Are There? and how many new altcoins were created? There are 105 Bitcoin forks (hard and soft) in total. Of those, 74 are considered active projects, the remaining 31 are considered historic and are no longer relevant.   https://www.forks.net/list/Bitcoin//1/2017-01-01/2020-01-011. BitcoinX (BCX), 2. ABitcoin (ABTC), 3. Bitcoin Hot (BTH), 4. Super Bitcoin (SBTC), 5. Bitcoin Platinum (BTP), 6. Bitcoin Oil (OBTC), 7. Bitcoin World (BTW), 8. Bitcoin Stake (BTCS), 9. Bitcoin Faith (BTF), 10 Lightning Bitcoin (LBTC, 11 Bitcoin Cash Plus (BCP), 12 Bitcoin Silver (BTCS), 13. Bitcoin Uranium (BUM), 14. Bitcoin Top (BTT), 15. Bitcoin Pizza (BPA), 16. Bitcoin File (BIFI), 17 Bitcoin God (GOD), 18 BitEthereum (BITE), 19 Bitcoin Segwit2x, 20 Bitcoin Smart (BCS), 21 Bitcoin Ore (BCO), 22 Bitvote (BTV), 23 Bitcoin Interest (BCI), 24 Bitcoin Rhodium (BTR), 25 Bitcoin Atom (BCA), 26 Bitcoin Private (BTCP), 27 Bitcoin Hush (BTCH), 28 Quantum Bitcoin (QBTC), 29 Bitcoin LITE (BTCL), 30 Bitcoin 2, 31 Big Bitcoin 32 Bitcoin Cloud, 33 Bitcoin Candy, 34 Bitcoin Lambo, 35 ClassicBitcoin, 36 BitcoinClean, 37 Bitcoin Lunar (BCL), 38 Bitcoin Prime: TBA, 39 Anonymous Bitcoin (ANON), 40 Fox BTC, 41 Bitcoin Reference Line, 42 MicroBitcoin, 43 BItcoin Classic, 44 Bitcoin Dao, 45 Bitcoin RM, 46 Bitcoin Air, 47 Bitcoin Post-Quantum, 48 Bithereum, 49 Bitcoin Stash, 50 Bitcoin Core, 51 Bitcoin Dollar, 52 Bitcoin Metal, 53 Hex, 54 Bitcoin All, 55 BitcoinCash Zero... and many more. 45 straightforward blockchain hard forks directly or indirectly originating from the Bitcoin main chain:   https://forkdrop.io/how-many-bitcoin-forks-are-there To be continued because this is only until 2019. I wasn't able to find a full chronological list of BTC forks from start until today, so we can assume that the list is even bigger  . PS There is a discussion ongoing about hard forks, soft forks, and pure copycats. Many members stated that only a couple of these coins should be considered as real coins and the majority is nothing more as worthless copycats which add nothing new at all. Of course, I fully agree with all these statements, but the purpose of this thread was to show: How Many Bitcoin Forks Are There? of course hard and soft once and I didn't provide any details about these coins on purpose.
https://www.forks.net/list/Bitcoin//1/2017-01-01/2020-01-01https://forkdrop.io/how-many-bitcoin-forks-are-therehttps://cryptocurrencyfacts.com/a-list-of-upcoming-bitcoin-forks-and-past-forks/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-fork.asphttps://www.howtotoken.com/explained/bitcoin-forks-chronology-ultimate-list-forks/ |
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Mówiąc wprost, rok 2019 był rokiem stabelcoinów, więc pomyślałem, że dobrze byłoby dowiedzieć się o nich więcej. StableCoin to kryptowaluta powiązana z innym aktywem, zaprojektowana w celu zminimalizowania zmienności ceny stablecoina w stosunku do pewnego „stabilnego” zasobu lub koszyka aktywów. ZNACZENIE STABLECOINÓWBez stabilności krótko- i długoterminowej uważa się, że przyjmowanie kryptowalut jako bezpośredniego zamiennika walut fiducjarnych jest niezwykle ryzykowne dla głównego nurtu społeczeństwa. Większa adopcja zawsze będzie wymagać pewnej formy stabilności. Z perspektywy konsumenta ryzykowne i niepraktyczne jest używanie kryptowalut do codziennego użytku. Zmienny środek wymiany może zagrozić sile nabywczej użytkowników. Wiele osób myśli o stablecoinach, że to takie zamienniki walut fiducjarnych (USD, EUR) w kryptowalutach, a to wszystko przez Tether (USDT) czyli pierwszą kryptowalutę stablecoin, która jest przypisana (1: 1) do dolara. Oczywiście nie jest to prawdą i stablecoiny można powiązać z kryptowalutą, pieniądzem fiducjarnym lub towarami będącymi przedmiotem obrotu giełdowego (takimi jak metale szlachetne lub metale przemysłowe). Tu muszę wspomnieć, że są również NIEzabezpieczone stablecoiny, ale wyjaśnię to lepiej w dalszej części artykułu. Zabezpieczone przez towaryStablecoiny zabezpieczone przez towary takie jak metale szlachetne (złoto, srebro itp.) są znacznie mniej podatne na inflację niż stablecoiny wspierane przez FIAT. Trudniej jest wydobywać złoto lub srebro niż „tworzyć pieniądze z powietrza”. Posiadacze stablecoinów zabezpieczonych towarami mogą je wymienić po kursie wymiany, aby przejąć rzeczywiste aktywa. Koszt utrzymania stabilności takich stablecoinów to koszt przechowywania i ochrony tkzw. "podkładu towarowego" czyli: złota, srebra, diamentów, itd. Najlepszym przykładem stablecoina zabezpieczonego właśnie złotem jest wystartowany całkiem nie dawno GOLD (token) z projektu Digital Gold. GOLD to token ERC20 oparty na Ethereum, wygodny i natychmiastowy sposób przechowywania, kupowania, sprzedawania lub transferu złota klasy inwestycyjnej. GOLD token jest dokładnie tym, czego potrzebujesz, aby kupić złoto i przechowywać je cyfrowo z pełną anonimowością i gwarancją ochrony twoich aktywów przed wysoką zmiennością ceny i utratą wartości. Każdy token GOLD jest w 100% zabezpieczony fizycznym złotem przechowywanym w bezpiecznym skarbcu firmy Bullionstar. Ilość przechowywanego złota fizycznego można zweryfikować w dowolnym momencie. Digital Gold gwarantuje płynność tokena GOLD. Nieograniczoną ilość GOLD można kupić/wymienić na stronie internetowej Digital Gold Marketplace natychmiast 24/7.  https://gold.storage/en/homeZabezpieczone przez FIATJest to najbardziej powszechna forma monet stablecoin. Stablecoiny zabezpieczone przez FIAT (1 : 1), co oznacza, że 1 USDT jest równoważne 1 USD. Chodzi o to, że stablecoin jest „zabezpieczony” przez prawdziwe pieniądze na prawdziwych rachunkach bankowych. Ta kategoria monet stablecoin jest rzeczywiście najprostsza, ale także najbardziej scentralizowana. Najlepszym przykładem jest oczywiście Tether (USDT), ale dziś na rynku są dosłownie dziesiątki stablecoinów wspieranych przez prawie wszystkie waluty fiducjarne. Prawie każdy infrastrukturalny blockchain już wydał własne stabelcoiny. Zabezpieczone kryptowalutąStablecoiny emitowane z kryptowalutami jako zabezpieczenie, koncepcyjnie podobne do tych zabezpieczonych przez FIAT. Jednak znacząca różnica między tymi dwoma projektami polega na tym, że podczas gdy zabezpieczanie FIAT zwykle odbywa się poza łańcuchem bloków, krypto-waluta lub aktywa kryptograficzne używane do zabezpieczenia tego rodzaju stablecoin są wykonywane na blockchainie, przy użyciu inteligentnych kontraktów w bardziej zdecentralizowany sposób. W wielu przypadkach działają one poprzez umożliwienie użytkownikom zaciągnięcia pożyczki na podstawie inteligentnego kontraktu poprzez zablokowanie zabezpieczenia, co sprawia, że bardziej opłacalne jest spłacanie długów w przypadku spadku wartości stablecoina. Aby zapobiec nagłym awariom, użytkownik, który zaciąga pożyczkę, może zostać zlikwidowany na podstawie inteligentnej umowy, jeżeli ich zabezpieczenie spadnie zbyt blisko wartości wycofania. Wybitnym przykładem zabezpieczonej krypto-stablecoiną jest MAKERDAO (DAI), projekt, który ma 2 osobne monety: MKR i DAI. Skoncentrujemy się na DAI, ponieważ jest to stablecoin wspierany przez inne kryptowaluty. W przeciwieństwie do innych monet stablecoin, DAI nie polega na scentralizowanym podmiocie ani na osobie trzeciej, ponieważ działa całkowicie na blockchainie. DAI to zdecentralizowana moneta zabezpieczona kryptowalutą o nominale zbliżonym do dolarów amerykańskich.  https://hackernoon.com/2019-complete-stablecoin-guide-0n9es3zabMyślę, że niewielu z was wie, że są również NIEzabezpieczone stablecoiny, o których warto tutaj wspomnieć. STABLECOINY NIEZABEZPIECZONE Monety w stylu seigniorage - (Algorytmic StableCoin Model) wykorzystujące algorytmiczne podejście do rozszerzania i ograniczania podaży stablecoina, podobnie jak bank centralny drukuje lub niszczy pieniądze. Wraz ze wzrostem całkowitego popytu na monety powstaje nowa podaż monet stablecoins, aby obniżyć cenę do stabilnego poziomu. Głównym celem jest zbliżenie ceny monety jak najbliżej 1 USD. Wybitnym przykładem monety w stylu marynistycznym jest BASIS. Wcześniej znana jako „Basecoin”, BASIS to stablecoin, który określa swoją wartość w stosunku do USD poprzez algorytmiczne korekty podaży monety. Stabilność cen osiąga się poprzez monitorowanie różnych zewnętrznych kursów walutowych weryfikowanych przez system Oracle. Jeśli BASIS handluje powyżej 1 USD, tworzone są i dystrybuowane nowe monety stablecoins. Jeśli jednak BASIS kosztuje mniej niż 1 USD, są tworzone Obligacje Bazowe, które są inną osobną walutą, tworzone i sprzedawane na aukcji otwartej w celu wycofania monet z obiegu. Hybrid StableCoin - to dwie lub więcej krypto kategorie (Fiat, Crypto lub Zabezpieczone Maeatalami i Algorytmic StableCoin Model) wszystko zastosowane do jednego tokena. Hybrydowe modele StableCoin przechowują wartość częściowo będącą jednocześnie aktywem, jak i modelem algorytmicznym. Tutaj przykłady najbardziej znanych Hybrydowych Stablecoinów:  https://medium.com/@alyzesam/a-simple-understanding-to-hybrid-stablecoins-with-2019-complete-guide-2a9b55af1de2
https://gold.storage/en/homehttps://hackernoon.com/2019-complete-stablecoin-guide-0n9es3zabhttps://masterthecrypto.com/guide-to-stablecoin-types-of-stablecoins/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stablecoinhttps://medium.com/@alyzesam/a-simple-understanding-to-hybrid-stablecoins-with-2019-complete-guide-2a9b55af1de2https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5217817.0 |
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Simply stated 2019 was a stabelcoins year, so I thought it would be good to know more about them. StableCoin is a cryptocurrency pegged to another asset, designed to minimize the volatility of the price of the stablecoin, relative to some "stable" asset or basket of assets. IMPORTANCE OF STABLECOINSWithout both short-term and long-term stability, it is considered extremely risky for the mainstream public to adopt cryptocurrencies as a direct replacement for fiat or traditional assets. Larger mass adoption will always require some form of stability. From a consumer perspective, it’s risky and impractical to use cryptocurrencies for daily use. A volatile medium of exchange can compromise users' purchasing power. Many people think about stablecoins that they are the crypto equivalent of fiat currency because of Tether (USDT) the first stablecoin which is pegged (1:1) to a dollar. This is not true because stablecoins can be pegged to a cryptocurrency, fiat money or to exchange-traded commodities (such as precious metals or industrial metals). I have to mention that there are also not backed stablecoins and I will explain it better later in the article. Commodity-backedStablecoins backed by commodities such as precious metals (gold, silver, etc.) are much less likely to be inflated than fiat-backed stablecoins. It is harder to mine gold or silver than it is to "create money out of thin air." Holders of commodity-backed stablecoins can redeem them at the conversion rate to take possession of real assets. The cost of maintaining the stability of the stablecoin is the cost of storing and protecting the commodity backing. The best example for commodity-backed stablecoin is GOLD (token) from the Digital GoldGOLD is an Ethereum-based ERC20 token, convenient and instant way to store, buy, sell or transfer investment-grade gold. GOLD token is exactly what you need to purchase gold and store it digitally with complete anonymity and guaranteed protection of your assets from high volatility and loss of value. Each GOLD token is 100% backed by physical gold stored in a secure vault. Amounts of physical gold stored can be verified at any time. The Digital Gold Marketplace guarantees GOLD token's liquidity. An unlimited amount of GOLD can be purchased/redeemed on the Digital Gold Marketplace website instantly 24/7. https://gold.storage/en/homeFIAT-backed This is the common form of stablecoins. Fiat-backed stablecoin are fully backed by fiat money 1:1, meaning $1 of stablecoins is equivalent to $1 of fiat money. The idea is that their stablecoin is ‘backed’ by real fiat in real bank accounts. This category of stablecoins is indeed the most simple but also the most centralized. The best example is of course Tether (USDT) but today there are literally dozens of Fiat Backed stablecoins on the cryptomarket. Almost every infrastructural blockchain have issued their own stabelcoins already. Cryptocurrency-backedStablecoins issued with cryptocurrencies as collateral, conceptually similar to fiat-backed stablecoins. However, the significant difference between the two designs is that while fiat collateralization typically happens off the blockchain, the cryptocurrency or crypto asset used to back this type of stablecoins is done on the blockchain, using smart contracts in a more decentralized fashion. In many cases, these work by allowing users to take out a loan against a smart-contract via locking up collateral, making it more worthwhile to pay off their debt should the stablecoin ever decrease in value. To prevent sudden crashes, a user who takes out a loan may be liquidated by the smart contract should their collateral decrease too close to the value of their withdrawal. A prominent example of a crypto-backed stablecoin is MAKERDAO (DAI), project that has 2 separate coins: MKR & DAI. We will focus on DAI since it is a stablecoin-backed by other cryptocurrencies. Unlike other stablecoins, DAI does not rely on a centralized entity or third party since it lives completely on the blockchain. DAI is a decentralized, cryptocurrency-backed coin with a face value that is pegged to the US dollars. ALL KINDS OF STABLECOINS https://hackernoon.com/2019-complete-stablecoin-guide-0n9es3zabI think that not many of you know that there are also not backed stablecoins which are worth to be mention here. NOT BACKED STABLECOINS - redeemable in currency, commodities, or fiat money are said to be backed, whereas those tied to an algorithm are referred to as seigniorage-style (not backed). Seigniorage-style coins - that utilize an algorithmically governed approach to expand and contract a stablecoin money supply, just like how a central bank prints or destroys money. As the total demand for the coins increases, new supply of stablecoins are created to reduce price back to stable levels. The main objective is to get the coin’s price as close as possible to USD $1. A prominent example of a seignorage-style coin is BASIS. Previously known as ‘Basecoin’, Basis is a stablecoin that peg its value to the USD through algorithmic adjustments of the coin’s supply. Price stability is achieved through the monitoring of various external exchange rates that are verified by an oracle system. If Basis is trading above USD $1, new stablecoins are created and distributed. If, however, Basiscoin is trading for less than USD $1, Base Bonds – which is another separate currency – are created and sold in an open auction to take coins out of circulation. Hybrid StableCoin - is two or more of the crypto categories, (Fiat, Crypto, or Metal Collateralized and Algorithmic StableCoin Model) applied to one token. Hybrid StableCoin Model holds value partly being both the asset and algorithmic modeled. Here the most known Hybrid StableCoins: https://medium.com/@alyzesam/a-simple-understanding-to-hybrid-stablecoins-with-2019-complete-guide-2a9b55af1de2
https://gold.storage/en/homehttps://hackernoon.com/2019-complete-stablecoin-guide-0n9es3zabhttps://masterthecrypto.com/guide-to-stablecoin-types-of-stablecoins/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stablecoinhttps://medium.com/@alyzesam/a-simple-understanding-to-hybrid-stablecoins-with-2019-complete-guide-2a9b55af1de2https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5218372.0 |
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Dzisiaj, kiedy zalogowałem się na forum Bitcointalk, pojawiło się coś takiego i nie wiem, czy to tylko dla mnie, czy wszyscy widzą Bitcointalk w ten sposób?  Oczywiście wszystkie inne strony internetowe działają dobrze i próbowałem odświeżyć przeglądarkę, usunąć pliki cookie i wszystko inne, lub nawet ponownie uruchomić komputer, ale nic nie działa. Oto na przykład strona Freebitco.in:  Próbowałem znaleźć taki wątek w Meta, zanim opublikowałem mój, ale nie byłem w stanie, więc zakładam, że nikt tego dzisiaj nie doświadczył. Myślę, że muszę dodać, że mój Internet jest bardzo szybki i aktualnie oglądam stream wideo na żywo, a inne komputery e domu działają dobrze, tylko Bitcointalk wygląda jak by miało problem. Co to jest, ktoś może pomóc? |
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Hello Bitcointalk members. Today, when I logged to Bitcointalk forum something like that, showed up and I don't know if is it just for me or everybody sees Bitcointalk like this? Of course, all other web pages work fine and I tried to refresh the browser, deleted cookies and everything else or even restarted computer but nothing works. Here is Freebitco.in website for example: I tried to find such thread in Meta before I posted mine but I wasn't able to, so I assume nobody experienced this today. I think I have to add that my internet is very fast and I am actually watching live video streams and other computers are working fine at home, only Bitcointalk looks like there is some problem. What is this, anybody can help? |
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London scandal "Pumpkin Craig Wright" admits Satoshi Nakamoto plagiarized his work!!!
One of the planned panels caused considerable controversy and confusion in the cryptocurrency community at the CC Forum which started yesterday in London. The event is about Blockchain, AI, digital innovation and one of its participants is Craig Wright, if this is not enough, then a panel was planned in which only Wright was to participate. Even more interesting is that the conference organizers directly agreed to Wright's claims and gave him credit for trust, releasing it under the title:
"What was your goal as Satoshi when you wrote the Bitcoin manifesto"?Opposition to Wright's speech at the conference was made by Charlie Lee, the creator of Litecoin, who said:  Vays claims that until the last moment he did not know that Craig Wright was to be present on the panel and undertook to " defend Bitcoin on the stage against cheaters." He also said he was the last Bitcoin maximalist and that if he refused to go to the conference, it would only hurt the participants. Currently, the London event page does not show the title of this panel. Nevertheless, there were speculations that Wright would speak on this subject. However, the official site of the event still shows Craig Wright among the panelists, additionally, we have another Bitcoin hater Roger Ver there too.  The panel moderated by Max Studennikoff is to bring together such persona as Nouriel "Dr. Doom ”Roubini, Craig Wright, Brock Pierce, Bobby Lee and Tone Vays. I was sure that after the lost court case, where he was called a total liar by the judge, he will hide somewhere and just can't believe he starts again to sign his stupid story and many people involved in crypto actually help him, as the organizers of this thing in London. Will he ever stop or keep continue no matter what?
London scandal "Pumpkin Craig Wright" admits Satoshi Nakamoto plagiarized his work!!!It had to end like this. During Craig Wright's "Faketoshi" speech at the CC Forum blockchain in London, there was an uncontrolled outburst of public outrage. In another room, Nouriel "Dr Doom" Roubini, shouted to Roger Vera that his Bitcoin Cash is shitcoin! Oh - and I think we have a new meme - it's "Pumpkin Craig Wright". The atmosphere reached its zenith during Craig Wright's Fireside Chat session. Tone Vays then took the microphone to condemn the conference organizers' decision to include Wright as one of the speakers.  https://youtu.be/9L_1LmdXVbwAccording to Vays, Wright admitted that Satoshi Nakamoto plagiarized his 2008 document and the university would not release it until Wright won the case in court: https://twitter.com/ToneVays/status/1184420133093232640Tone Vays continued, claiming that documents published by Wright as evidence allegedly attributing to him the creation of Bitcoin were largely false. Vays said that there is no place for Craig Wright at such conferences. In response, Wright stated that Vays 'vain ideas' were irrelevant and that his company's patents would generate profits from the largest technology companies in the world. Then it will depend on the individual decisions of people whether they will use the Bitcoin SV cryptocurrency supported by Wright. https://twitter.com/swissborg/status/1184444664847450113At the moment, an audience member has entered the action. She called Wright a "mole" who tries to overthrow Bitcoin and shouted threatening with her finger: Farmer Craig! Pumpkin Craig Wright! Go back to your farm, to your pumpkins and tomatoes (...) Many bitter words like "everyone hears what they want to hear" appear under Tony Vays' tweet. Is this the voice of Craig Wright's supporters or is there really more to it then? Here is the video he requested in his tweets, Vays. See and rate for yourself: Tweet: https://twitter.com/ToneVays/status/1184420133093232640YouTube Video: https://t.co/vEU9OrBgJxWhat is your opinion on this subject? I invite you to the discussion.
https://bithub.pl/opinie/craig-wright-jako-tworca-bitcoina-na-konferencji-w-londynie-srodowisko-wrze/https://bithub.pl/wiadomosci/skandal-w-londynie-dyniowy-czlowiek-craig-wright-przyznaje-ze-satoshi-nakamoto-splagiatowal-jego-prace/
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TYPY BOUNTY
1. NOWA! Kampania Youtube - zapłcimy 5$ każdemu kto wypełni bezbłędnie raport. Można wziąć udział tylko raz.
2. Kampania Sygnatur: Legendary/Hero - $300/miesiąc, max 12 partycypantów; Senior Member - $100/miesiąc, max 7 partycypantów;
Full Member - $70/miesiąc, max 10 partycypantów.
3. Ambasador: jednorazowa wypłata w wysokości $300-1000.
4. Kontent (artykuły): $10-200 za każdy zaakceptowany artykuł.
5. Wideo: $20-200 za każdy zaakceptowane video.
6. Tłumaczenia: ANN - $100, White Paper - $100, strona www - $100, wątek bounty -$50 i $0,5 za każdy kolejny post w przetłumaczonych wątkach ANN lub bounty.
7. Telegram: $50-100 za promocję projektu w swojej grupie lub czacie.
8. Program Affilijacyjny dla sklepów online, serwisów, platform, i giełd: $100-500.
9. Kampania kreatywna: $100,000.ARKUSZ KALKULACYJNY BOUNTY Z PŁATNOŚCIAMI PAŹDŹIERNIK 2019GENERALNE ZASADY I WARUNKI KAMPANII BOUNTY
1. KAMPANIA BOUNTY BĘDZIE PROWADZONA DO 1 STYCZNIA 2020 R. (MOŻLIWE PRZEDŁUŻENIE)
2. Arkusz nagród jest aktualizowany co miesiąc od 1 do 6 dnia. Wypłaty za każdy miesiąc będą wysyłane między 6 a 10 dniem następnego miesiąca. Na przykład wypłaty nagród za sierpień zostaną wysłane między 6 września a 10 września.
3. Nagroda zostanie wypłacona w tokenach GOLD. 1 token GOLD to 1 gram 99,9% złota. Tokeny GOLD można natychmiast wymienić na BTC lub ETH na naszym rynku (https://gold.storage/market), a także na giełdach, które będą zawierać GOLD (szczegóły zostaną ogłoszone wkrótce).
Przykład: załóżmy, że zarobiłeś 300 USD za udział w kampanii sygnatur lub za przesyłanie artykułów lub filmów. Obecna cena 1 grama złota wynosi 45 USD, więc otrzymasz 300/45 = 6,66 GOLD, które możesz natychmiast wymienić na BTC lub ETH.
4. Używanie wielu kont, spamowanie, boty itp. Są zabronione.
5. Zespół zachowuje prawo do modyfikacji zasad kampanii. Śledź aktualizacje w tym wątku.ZASADY INDYWIDUALNEJ KAMPANII BOUNTY Płatności:
Każdy ambasador otrzyma $300-1000 (kwota jest ustalana indywidualnie i zależy od wielu czynników). Wyślemy PM do wybranych ambasadorów i dodamy do specjalnej strony na naszej stronie internetowej. Dodatkowe wysiłki w celu promowania naszego projektu w Twoim kraju będą nagradzane osobno.
Zasady:
- Musisz mieć konto BTT oraz profil LinkedIn.
- Sprawdzimy Twoje konta i upewnimy się, że nie są fałszywe.
- W miarę rozwoju projektu poprosimy Cię o pomoc w promowaniu DIGITAL GOLD w mediach w Twoim kraju itp. (Za takie zadania otrzymasz dodatkową nagrodę).
Jak dołączyć:
Zaaplikuj w tym wątku, używając następującego formatu:
#Authentication Post
Rodzaj kampanii: Ambasador
Nazwa użytkownika Bitcointalk: [nazwa użytkownika]
Kraj:
Link do strony Linkedin: tak / nie
-Sprawdź ustawienia konta i upewnij się, że możesz akceptować wiadomości od początkujących (w przeciwnym razie nie będziemy mogli się z Tobą skontaktować).
Dostaniesz $10-200 za każdy zaakceptowany artykuł. Dokładna kwota będzie zależeć od oryginalności treści, liczby wyświetleń i komentarzy oraz ilości odbiorców strony.
Zasady:
- Artykuły niskiej jakości nie będą akceptowane;
- Twoje treści muszą być oryginalne;
- Akceptowane języki: angielski, hiszpański, niemiecki, japoński, chiński, koreański, francuski, portugalski, turecki;
- Akceptowane platformy blogowe: Medium, Steemit, Golos, Newbium, Quora;
- Możesz również opublikować swój artykuł na dowolnej stronie internetowej poświęconej krypto-walucie lub finansom;
- Twój artykuł musi mieć co najmniej 500 słów i zawierać co najmniej 2 obrazy (obrazy muszą być trafne, ale nie muszą być pobierane z naszej strony internetowej lub naszych kanałów mediów społecznościowych), dodane co najmniej 2 linki do naszej strony internetowej i należy wspomnieć DIGITAL GOLD z nazwy co najmniej dwa razy;
- Twój artykuł musi być interesujący - nie może to być tylko fragment tekstu pobrany z naszej strony internetowej;
- Tam, gdzie to możliwe, umieść link do swojego konta BTT na końcu swojego artykułu jako dowód swojego autorstwa (jest to obowiązkowa zasada w przypadku artykułów publikowanych na Medium, Steemit, Golos, Newbium i Quora)
- Ze względu na ogromną liczbę artykułów niskiej jakości i korzystanie z wielu kont. Zmieniają się zasady kampanii w sieci partnerskiej: od 28 września konta nowicjuszy nie mogą dołączyć do kampanii.
Jak przesłać:
Po opublikowaniu artykułu opublikuj link do niego w tym wątku.
Dostaniesz $20-200 za każdy zatwierdzony film. Dokładna ilość będzie zależeć od oryginalności treści, liczby wyświetleń i komentarzy oraz ilości odbiorców Twojego vloga.
Zasady:
- Filmy niskiej jakości nie będą akceptowane. Płacimy tylko za ciekawe filmy, więc spróbuj wymyślić ciekawy temat. Nie będziemy przyjmować filmów, w których po prostu odczytasz na głos tekst z naszej strony www.
- Akceptowane języki: angielski, hiszpański, niemiecki, japoński, chiński, koreański, francuski, portugalski, turecki;
- Twój film musi mieć co najmniej 4 minuty;
- Musisz wymienić Digital Gold co najmniej 3 razy;
- Dodaj nasze hashtagi i linki do naszej strony internetowej, białej księgi, kanałów mediów społecznościowych i naszego bloga Medium.
Jak przesłać:
Po opublikowaniu filmu opublikuj link do niego w tym wątku.
ANN - $100, White Paper - $100, strona www - $100, wątek bounty - $50 and $0,5 za każdy kolejny post w przetłumaczonym wątku ANN lub bounty.
Zasady:
- Wszystkie języki są akceptowane;
- Zabrania się korzystania z Tłumacza Google i podobnych narzędzi;
- Musisz być native speakerem, a tłumaczenie musi być wysokiej jakości;
- Wszelkie dodatkowe posty, które piszesz (o wartości 0,5 USD każdy) nie mogą być spamem ani pozbawione znaczenia. Możesz publikować wiadomości z naszych mediów społecznościowych, linki do nowych artykułów na Medium itp.
Jak dołączyć:
-Zaaplikuj w tym wątku, używając następującego formatu:
#Authentication Post
Rodzaj kampanii: Tłumaczenie
Nazwa użytkownika Bitcointalk: [nazwa użytkownika]
Język:
Link do portfela:
Nazwa użytkownika telegramu:
Adres portfela ERC20:
- Sprawdź ustawienia konta i upewnij się, że możesz akceptować wiadomości od początkujących (w przeciwnym razie nie będziemy mogli się z Tobą skontaktować).
$50-100 for promoting the project in your chat or channel.
Zasady:
- Twój kanał lub czat muszą mieć prawdziwych obserwujących, a nie botów;
- Prześlij nam swoją szczegółową ofertę, zanim zaakceptujemy Cię w kampanii telegramowej.
- Zaakceptowane mogą być tylko uzgodnione posty
Jak dołączyć:
Możesz złożyć wniosek w tym wątku, publikując link do swojego kanału Telegram lub czatu. Pamiętaj, aby wspomnieć, jeśli sam piszesz posty promocyjne, jak długo post pozostanie na widoczny, Twoje ceny itp. Ewentualnie wyślij nam wszystkie te informacje w PM.
Płatności:
Program partnerski dla sklepów internetowych, usług, platform i giełd: $100-500.
Zasady:
- Musisz dodać GOLD token do swojej platformy lub strony internetowej (możesz działać jako pośrednik);
- Twoja nagroda będzie zależeć od ilości świadczonych usług, ich jakości oraz liczby użytkowników na Twojej platformie lub stronie internetowej.
Jak dołączyć:
Opublikuj swoją szczegółową ofertę w tym wątku lub wyślij ją do nas w PM.
Płatności:
Od uczestników tej kampanii oczekuje się generowania kreatywnych treści. Całkowity budżet dla tej kampanii jest ustawiony na $100,000.
Zasady:
- Interesują nas wszelkiego rodzaju kreatywne propozycje promocyjne.
- Pamiętaj, aby wyraźnie napisać, co oferujesz i żądaną nagrodę.
Jak dołączyć:
Opublikuj swoją szczegółową ofertę w tym wątku lub wyślij ją do nas w PM.
Zapłacimy 5$ każdemu użytkownikowi, który poprawnie wypełni raport. Twoje konto może wziąć udział tylko jeden raz. Zasady:- Każdy uczestnik powinien przejść na stronę https://gold.storage w swoim ojczystym języku - Powinieneś obejrzeć wideo na stronie i później przejść do strony YouTube tego filmu - Na stronie filmu na YouTube powinieneś zasubskrybować kanał Digital Gold, „polubić” film i umieścić pod nim komentarz. - Umieść jeszcze jeden komentarz pod komentarzem innego użytkownika - „Lubię” trzy różne komentarze pod filmem - Następnie należy wyszukać dwóch kolejnych filmów o Digital Gold i „polubić” je. - Wypełnij raport z nazwą konta, linkami itp. https://forms.gle/gxg5KUE9boK3FZdM6Zasady:- Twoje konto YouTube powinno mieć więcej niż 60 dni. - Dołączanie wielu kont jest niedozwolone. - Konto Youtube musi być oryginalne. Fałszywe, martwe, nieaktywne i konta bota nie będą akceptowane. - Twój komentarz powinien mieć charakter informacyjny. Nie będziemy akceptować postów jako „Dobry projekt”. Opublikuj minimum 2-3 zdania ze swoimi przemyśleniami na temat Digital Gold. Proszę obejrzeć wideo przed opublikowaniem komentarza - Jeśli nie wypełnisz formularza, Twój udział zostanie zdyskwalifikowany. - Nie wypełniaj formularza dwukrotnie, ktoś, kto wypełni formularz dwukrotnie, zostanie zdyskwalifikowany! - Raport powinien zawierać - co najmniej 2 znalezione i „Polubione” filmy oraz Twoje konto YouTube, aby sprawdzić komentarze. - Twoje konto może uczestniczyć w tej nagrody tylko 1 raz - Po wypełnieniu raportu proszę zamieścić to samo w wątku bountyLink Rejestracyjny https://forms.gle/gxg5KUE9boK3FZdM6
Raport https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1XARHuKgNwes_fOgGfNALKx6NxTrPMzx3C8rerRUMl1g/edit?usp=sharing
Maksymalna liczba uczestników jest ograniczona. Wybieramy aktywnych członków forum, którzy zamieszczają cenne treści.
Legendary/Hero - $300/miesiąc, max 12 uczestników;
Senior Member - $100/miesiąc, max 7 uczestników;
Full Member - $70/miesiąc, max 10 uczestników.
Zasady:
- Musisz nosić sygnaturę projektu, awatar i dodatkowy podpis pod awatarem po otrzymaniu PM od menedżera o przyjęciu;
- Musisz pisać co najmniej 50 postów każdego miesiąca. Jeśli weźmiesz udział w kampanii po rozpoczęciu miesiąca, niezbędna liczba postów zostanie obliczona proporcjonalnie.
- Musisz publikować posty co najmniej w 20 różnych dni w ciągu każdego miesiąca.
- Spam, krótkie bezsensowne posty, obelgi, trolowanie są oczywiście zabronione i zostaną ukarane usunięciem z kampanii bez wypłaty.
- Zastrzegamy sobie prawo do usunięcia dowolnego uczestnika z kampanii sygnatur w dowolnym momencie i z dowolnego powodu.
- Posty w sekcjach Politics, Society i Off-topic nie będą liczone.
- Uczestnicy z negatywnym „zaufaniem” nie są dopuszczeni.
Jak dołączyć:
Zaaplikuj w tym wątku, używając następującego formatu:
#Authentication Post
Rodzaj kampanii: sygnatura
Nazwa użytkownika Bitcointalk: [nazwa użytkownika]
Adres portfela ERC20:
- Tylko użytkownicy zatwierdzeni przez menedżera mogą brać udział w kampanii sygnatur.
- Zaproszenie zostanie wysłane na PM do każdego wybranego kandydata.
- Lista zaakceptowanych użytkowników będzie znajdować się w arkuszu kalkulacyjnym bounty.
- Sprawdź ustawienia konta i upewnij się, że możesz akceptować wiadomości od początkujących (w przeciwnym razie nie będziemy mogli się z Tobą skontaktować);
Sygnatury:FULL MEMBER [center][url=https://gold.storage/][color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color][color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color] [font=Arial][b][color=#d9b164] [b]DIGITAL GOLD[/b] [/color] [color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color][color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color][/b]
[color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color][color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color] [color=#fba2a8][b][u][color=#2e313d][b]First 100% Liquid Stablecoin Backed by Gold[/b][/color][/u][/b][/color] [color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color][color=#d9b164]▰[/color][color=#000000]▰[/color][/url]
[url=https://gold.storage/wp.pdf][color=#000000]◆ Whitepaper [/url][url=https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5161544][color=#000000]◆Ann Thead [/url] [url=https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5164058.0][color=#000000]◆Bounty
[/center] [center][table][tr][td][url=https://gold.storage/][font=courier][size=2px] [color=#d9b164]
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[td][center][font=arial][url=https://gold.storage/][size=20pt][b][color=#d9b164] [b]DIGITAL GOLD[/b] [/color][/url]
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[td][center][font=arial][size=20pt][color=#000]|[/color][/size][/font][/center][/td]
[td][center][b][font=Arial][url=https://gold.storage/][size=20pt][color=#000000] First 100% Liquid Stablecoin Backed by Gold [/size][/font][/b]
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[table][tr][td][center][font=arial][size=20pt][color=#000]|[/color][/size][/font][/center][/td]
[td][font=Tahoma][size=21pt][b][color=#000000][size=8pt][url=https://gold.storage/wp.pdf][color=#000000]◆ Whitepaper[/url]
[url=https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5161544][color=#000000]◆Ann Thead [/url]
[url=https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5164058.0][color=#000000]◆Bounty [/size][/color][/td]
[td][center][font=arial][size=20pt][color=#000]|[/color][/size][/font][/center][/td][/tr][/table][/center]
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Trochę (cały dzień ) przyglądałem się co się dzieje z ceną BCH na giełdzie Binance i powiem szczerze, że mi się to nie podoba i od dawna zastanawiam się nad tym jak (tak na prawdę) giełdy aktualizują ceny kryptowalut i skąd one się biorą? Różne tłumaczenia słyszałem ale ostateczne jest takie, że każda giełda krypto ma swoją cenę, bo jest to jeszcze nie uregulowane i różnice w cenie mogą występować, ponieważ giełdy wyceniają BTC i inne kryptowaluty, według wchodzących ofert kupna i sprzedaży. Dla porównania, na Forexie ceny dla par EUR, USD, GBP i innych, są dla wszystkich giełd takie same i brane z jakiegoś centralnego punktu, którego nie znam dokładnej nazwy. Musimy pamiętać o tym, że na Binance książka orderów jest opóźniona o minutę lub maksymalnie kilka w czasie największych wolumenów. Pomimo wszystko, za cholerę nie można zrozumieć, skąd te zmiany w cenie? Jeżeli naprawdę jadą według orderów, to tak jak już pisał TytanowyJanusz, coś tu nie gra. Na przykład wczoraj, cena zmieniała się jak chciała i nie miała, żadnego związku z książką orderów. Zrobiłem screen, na którym widać, że wystarczyło 6BTC w orderach kupna, żeby ruszyć cenę o 2 dolary, a chwilę wcześniej ktoś sprzedał 19BCH, a łącznie przez parę minut sprzedano około 30BCH i cena ruszyła się tylko o 30centów.  Jeżeli ktoś potrafi dokładnie wytłumaczyć jak giełdy krypto wyceniają BTC i inne alty, to chętnie bym się w końcu dowiedział, bo sam za cholerę nie mogę tego rozkminić. Moim zdaniem powinny być brane pod uwagę wolumeny kupna i sprzedaży na wszystkich giełdach i gdzieś te dane powinny spływać do miejsca, gdzie zostanie to przeliczone i na tej podstawie, dokona się dokładnej wyceny BTC, a giełdy właśnie stąd powinny brać aktualną cenę, nawet nie uregulowane. Ostatnio widziałem podczas jakiegoś kolejnego hacku na giełdzie, że niektóre z nich zaczynają wspólnie obliczać cenę BTC właśnie na podstawie danych z kilku giełd. W tamtym przypadku nie pomogło to za bardzo ponieważ, wolumeny na tych innych giełdach były tak różne, że i tak nic nie powstrzymało manipulacji ceny (flash crash). Ale to już jakiś krok w dobrą stronę, jeżeli regulacje na razie nie możliwe, to może hakerzy wymuszą porządek  . Nie mogę zrozumieć, jak może każda giełda sama sobie być sterem i okrętem? Przecież mają różne wolumeny i nie ma innej możliwości, tylko muszą robić za market makera, jeżeli nie chcą tracić na cenie (tylko zarabiać ) i mieć płynność na giełdzie. No i to właśnie jest ten moment, w którym my trejderzy siadamy do pokera z giełdą, która widzi wszystkie karty i nawet, jeżeli nie będzie oszukiwać to zawsze wygra. |
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Od pewnego czasu recenzuję Explorery Ethereum w tym wątku: (KOMPILACJA) Jaki jest najlepszy Explorer bloków dla Ethereum?. Udało mi się przez ten czas zebrać, sprawdzić i przejrzeć, naprawdę dużą liczbę różnych stron internetowych, które są zwykłymi Eksploratorami Ethereum lub bardziej zaawansowanymi serwisami z różnymi bardzo przydatnymi funkcjami do analizy łańcucha bloków Ethereum. Oto kilka z nich: ETHERSCAN, ETHPLORER, ETHERCHAIN, BLOCKSCOUT, ENJINX, BLOCKCHAIN.com, BTC.com, BLOXY, AMBER DATA, ETHECTIVE, ETHSTATS, BLOCKCHAIR, TRIVIAL, MinerGate, CoinMarketCap, Icoweb.com, Eth.btc.com. Można więc powiedzieć, że już zjadłem zęby na tym temacie  i być może dlatego zainteresuje Was i będziecie chcieli zobaczyć moje ostatnie znalezisko, które jest tak dobre i różni się od innych już wspomnianych, że postanowiłem otworzyć specjalnie, nowy wątek i opisać wszystko szczegółowo. Ta nowa usługa jest tak niesamowita, że myślę, że w końcu mamy bardzo silnego konkurenta dla najlepszego dotychczasowego explorera, którym jest moim zdaniem ETHERSCAN. Z wielką przyjemnością prezentuję platformę analityczną i wizualizacyjną Aleth.io dla blockchaina Ethereum. Aleth.io - to potężna platforma do analizy i wizualizacji danych blockchain. Niedawno został wydany nowy produkt Core API i pakiet narzędzi Alethio Analytics dla Ethereum. Daje on szybki dostęp do zsyntetyzowanych, indeksowanych danych w czasie rzeczywistym. Dzięki Core API możemy podejmować bardziej świadome decyzje w oparciu o wizualizację i analizy w łańcuchu Ethereum, ale to dopiero początek, ponieważ Aleth.io jest zbudowany z wielu różnych komponentów.  Spraw, aby dane Ethereum działały dla Ciebie dzięki komponentom Aleth.io. Przedstawiam pakiet Alethio Analytics:ETHSTATS - to zaawansowany monitor kondycji sieci, który umożliwia monitorowanie kluczowych wskaźników, trendów i zdarzeń sieci Ethereum w jednym ujednoliconym interfejsie. Szybko oceniaj informacje i reaguj na zmiany, zanim wpłyną one na Twój projekt.  BLOCKCHAIN EXPLORER - myślę, że to najlepszy explorer, jaki do tej pory widziałem !!! Stworzony, by śmiało zabrać Cię tam, gdzie wcześniej nie był w stanie żaden inny explorer blockchain. Odkrywaj, przeglądaj, filtruj i analizuj dane dotyczące bloków, umów, transakcji i kont. Jest bardzo szczegółowy na temat transakcji i tokenów. Daje tyle informacji na temat wszystkiego, że aż musiałem znaleźć dodatkowe informacje w Internecie, ponieważ niektóre z nich widziałem po raz pierwszy na temat transakcji i tokenów Ethereum. Dodatkowo dostępna jest także lekka wersja eksploratora.   BLOCKCHAIN MONITORING - aktywnie monitoruj dowolne konto Ethereum, portfel lub inteligentną umowę. Ustaw niestandardowe progi lub alerty oparte na zachowaniu i otrzymuj powiadomienia za pośrednictwem wybranego przez siebie medium. Od aktywnego śledzenia działalności konkurencyjnej po zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa wdrożonej inteligentnej umowy, Alethio Blockchain Alerting pomaga przesiewać hałas i zapewniać wyprzedzanie ważnych działań w łańcuchu, które mogłyby pomóc w podejmowaniu decyzji i usprawnić proces podejmowania decyzji.  WYKORZYSTANIE MONITOROWANIA:SMART CONTRACT SECURITY - ustawiaj i otrzymuj alerty wzorowane na normatywnym zachowaniu swoich inteligentnych umów, gdy tylko coś pójdzie nie tak. COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE - śledź aktywność portfeli i inteligentnych umów powiązanych z kluczowymi konkurentami, aby rozumieć krytyczne zmiany, które mogą mieć wpływ na Twoją firmę lub użytkowników. KEY ACCOUNT MONITORING - śledź kluczowe portfele i inteligentne kontrakty związane z wielorybami, scentralizowanymi giełdami i posiadaczami dużych tokenów, aby zrozumieć, w jaki sposób duże przepływy funduszy mogą potencjalnie wpłynąć na dynamikę rynku. USER ADOPTION & ENGAGEMENT - śledź zmiany w inteligentnych umowach, aby mierzyć wpływ wydań i aktualizacji produktów na zaangażowanie użytkowników.  BLOCKCHAIN REPORTING - zapewnia dostęp do uporządkowanych, semantycznych zestawów danych Ethereum, które są dostosowane do konkretnych potrzeb biznesowych i badawczych. Zapytania można dostosowywać i są dostępne na żądanie; spełniają wiele różnych funkcji, a także służą jako podstawa do generowania cyklicznych raportów zgodnie z wyznaczonym harmonogramem. Otrzymasz dostęp do historycznego indeksu danych w sieci Ethereum za pośrednictwem prostego i dostępnego interfejsu internetowego. Żądania raportów są wydajnie przetwarzane przez rozproszoną strukturę obliczeniową klastra i dostarczane asynchronicznie. Alethio powiadomi Cię, gdy tylko raport będzie gotowy, więc nie musisz tracić czasu. Uzyskaj zestawy danych na żądanie za pomocą dostępnych, dostosowywanych zapytań. Wydobądź wiedzę z pełnego zestawu danych łańcuchowych Ethereum bez konieczności zajmowania się interfejsami API lub strukturami baz danych.  ŁATWE PODŁĄCZENIE DO TRADYCYJNYCH NARZĘDZI BI - do łączenia się z solidnymi danymi blockchain w czasie rzeczywistym za pośrednictwem znanych interfejsów. TRANSAKCJE KONTA I INNE METRYKI - Monitoruj konta, wymiany lub wszystkie transfery tokena ERC20. UZYSKAJ SZERSZY OBRAZ - subskrybując najważniejsze działania na koncie - takie jak większość transakcji, najwyższe wartości transakcji, płatny gaz, itd.  ALETHIO API - szybciej buduj solidne, niezawodne produkty zasilane przez Ethereum. Uzyskaj dostęp do zsyntetyzowanych, indeksowanych danych w czasie rzeczywistym. Podejmuj bardziej świadome decyzje w oparciu o istotne działania i analizy w łańcuchu.  Moim zdaniem Aleth.io to najbardziej zaawansowana usługa ze wszystkimi potrzebnymi narzędziami do śledzenia w czasie rzeczywistym statusu sieci Ethereum. Myślę, że będzie to najczęściej używany serwis, zwłaszcza jeśli zespół przeprowadzi jakiś marketing swoich produktów. Byłem zaskoczony, jak dobrze działają te narzędzia i ile informacji otrzymuję, kiedy ich używam. Nawet nie wiedziałem, że transakcje Ethereum zawierają tego rodzaju informacje jak wiadomości i inne wcześniej ukryte dane na gorszych explorerach.
https://company.aleth.io/ |
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From some time I am reviewing Ethereum Explorers in this thread: (Compilation) What is the best Ethereum explorer?. I already managed to collect, check and review 19 different ordinary Ethereum Explorers or more advanced services, with many additional tools for Ethereum blockchain analysis. Here are a few of already reviewed explorers: ETHERSCAN, ETHPLORER, ETHERCHAIN, BLOCKSCOUT, ENJINX, BLOCKCHAIN.COM, BTC.COM, BLOXY, AMBER DATA, ETHECTIVE, ETHSTATS, BLOCKCHAIR, TRIVIAL, MINERGATE, COINMARKETCAP, ICOWEB.COM, ETH.BTC.COM, ALETH.IOSo you can say that I have already eaten my teeth on this topic and maybe that's why you will be interested and want to see my recent find, which is so good and different from the others already mentioned, that I decided to open a special, new thread and describe everything in detail. This new service is so amazing that I think we finally have a very strong competitor for the best Ethereum explorer so far, which is in my opinion ETHERSCAN. I am very pleased to present Aleth.io analytics & visualization platform for Ethereum blockchain.Aleth.io - is a powerful blockchain data, analytics & visualization platform. Recently released Core API product & Alethio Analytics tool suite for Ethereum. Give fast access to synthesized, indexed data in real-time. Thanks, to Core API, we can make more informed decisions based on meaningful on-chain activity & analytics but this is just the beginning because Aleth.io is built from many different components. Make Ethereum data work for you with Aleth.io components. Introducing the Alethio Analytics Suite: BLOCKCHAIN EXPLORER - I think this is the best explorer I have seen so far!!!. Built to boldly take you where no blockchain explorer has gone before. Discover, view, filter and analyze data on blocks, contracts, transactions, and accounts. Is very detailed about transactions and tokens. Gives so much information on everything that I had to find additional information on the web because some of them I have seen for the first time about Ethereum transactions. Additionally, there is also and lightweight version of the explorer. BLOCKCHAIN MONITORING - actively monitor any external Ethereum account, wallet or smart contract. Set custom threshold or behavior based alerts & receive notifications via the medium of your choosing. From actively tracking competitive activity to ensuring the security of your deployed smart contract, Alethio Blockchain Alerting helps you sift through the noise & ensure you stay ahead of important on-chain activity that could inform & enhance your decision making. Use Cases for Ethereum Monitoring:SMART CONTRACT SECURITY - Set alerts modeled around the normative behavior of your smart contracts & receive alerts the moment things go awry (e.g., unexpected spikes in call volume). COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE - Track activity of wallets & smart contracts associated with key competitors to proactively understand critical developments that may impact your business or users. KEY ACCOUNT MONITORING - Track key wallets & smart contracts associated with whales, centralized exchanges & large token holders to proactively understand how large movements of funds can potentially impact market dynamics. USER ADOPTION & ENGAGEMENT - Track changes in smart contract activity to measure the impact of product releases & updates on user engagement. BLOCKCHAIN REPORTING - provides access to structured, semantic Ethereum data sets that are tailored to your specific business and research needs. The queries are customizable and available on-demand; they satisfy a wide variety of use cases and also serve as a foundation to generate recurring reports on a designated schedule. You will get access to a historical index of Ethereum on-chain data, via a simple and accessible web interface. Report requests are efficiently processed by a distributed cluster-computing framework and delivered asynchronously. Alethio will notify you as soon as your report is ready, so no need to waste time on a loading screen. Get on-demand data sets via accessible, customizable queries. Extract knowledge from a full set of Ethereum on-chain data without having to deal with APIs or database structures. EASILY PLUG IN TRADITIONAL BI TOOLS - to interface with robust, real-time blockchain data via familiar interfaces. ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS AND OTHER METRICS - Monitor exchange accounts or all transfers of an ERC20 token. GET THE BIG PICTURE - by subscribing to top account activities – like most transactions, highest transaction values, paid gas. ETHSTATS - is an advanced network health monitor which gives the ability to monitor the Ethereum network's key indicators, trends, and events in one unified interface. Quickly assess the information and react to changes before they impact your project. ALETHIO API - Build robust, reliable Ethereum-powered products faster. Get access to synthesized, indexed data in real-time. Make more informed decisions based on meaningful on-chain activity & analytics. In my opinion Aleth.io is the most advanced service with all needed tools to track in real-time the Ethereum network status. I think this will be the most used one, especially if the team would do a little marketing for their products. I was amazed by how good these tools work and how much information I get when I was using them. I even didn't know that Ethereum transactions contain this type of info.
https://company.aleth.io/ |
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UPDATED 4.12.2023Punycoder - Punycode converter or an IDN converter, a tool for Punycode to Text/Unicode and vice-versa conversion.
Punycode - system for converting words that can't be written in ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), such as in Ancient Greek the phrase ΓNΩΘIΣEAYTON, once converted into ASCII characters, looks like this: xn--mxadglfwep7amk6b. This conversion system allows International Domain Names (IDNs), which include non-ASCII characters, to be displayed using only the Roman letters A to Z, the digits 0 to 9 and the hyphen (-) character. Punycode is useful, because the world-wide Domain Name System ( DNS), which turns readable server names into computer-friendly network numbers, can only recognize limited subset of ASCII characters in domain names. Some of the letters in the Roman alphabet are the same shape as letters in the Greek and other alphabets. Examples are the letters I, E, A, Y, T, O, and N.  A malicious site can imitate a legitimate URL and display it which leaves us with very few ways to tell if we are being tricked by an imposter. Attackers who trick people into loading the fake page can easily obtain personal information because the site is an exact copy of original one. Many years ago, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN) allowed non- ASCII (Unicode) characters to be included in web domains. It didn't take long for them to realize that this decision was going to cause problems. Certain characters from different languages can be confused for Unicode since they look the same when displayed in a browser. This is used as a tool by cybercriminals to spoof URLs and target unsuspecting victims.  To counteract the issue, ICANN developed Punycode as a way of specifying actual domain registrations by representing Unicode within the limited character subset of ASCII used for internet hostnames. The idea was that browsers would first read the Punycode URL and then transform it into displayable Unicode characters inside the browser. However, just like with Unicode, Punycode could also hide phishing attempts, using characters found in different languages. To combat this, Web browser vendors introduced add-on filters to render URLs as Punycode, instead of Unicode, if they contained characters from different languages. Punycode ProblemsBy default, many web browsers use Punycode encoding to represent Unicode characters in the URL to defend against Homograph phishing attacks (where the website address looks legitimate, but is not, because a character or characters have been replaced deceptively with Unicode characters). For example, the Chinese domain " 短.co" is represented in Punycode as " xn--s7y.co" and the German city of " München" becomes in the Punycode " xn--mnchen-3ya" because the letter ü is not available in English. There are quite a few Unicode characters represented in alphabets such as Greek, Cyrillic, and Armenian, which look almost identical to Latin letters at a glance but are treated very differently by computers when resolving the different web addresses. Homograph attacks - extremely difficult to detect based on their deployment method. Some of these steps will also protect you from other types of online attacks as well. Example of Punycode Phishing (Homograph) attack: The most tricky phising website i've heard was this one. Looks like Binance.com but there are no "n". This is strange n with dot at the bottom.  sourceHow to deal with such a phishing address? Those dots are almost unnoticeable. Another great example of Punycode Homograph Phishing attack. This time Poloniex exchange is targeted. Just look at how similar it looks compared to the original page.  Difference between original page and malicious one is that the hacker misspelled the phrase "Sign in" as "Sing in" a couple of times. also different in this attack is that the SSL certificate is shown as valid:  Not all browsers are vulnerableOf all the browsers tested, three rendered the page using Unicode characters, as appӏe.com. These are Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.  Other browsers, such as Edge, Internet Explorer, Safari, Vivaldi, and Brave, did not render the page using Unicode characters and displayed the Punycode URL. There's a filter that checks if the Punycode URL is in the same character set as the user's default OS settings.  Google has already fixed this issue in Chrome Stable 58. Preventing Homograph Phishing Attacks in FirefoxFirefox users can complete the following steps to manually apply temporary protection against Punycode Phishing (Homograph) attacks: - Open a new tab in Firefox
- Type about:config in address bar and press Enter.
- Click the I accept the risk! button.
- Type Punycode in the search bar.
- A Preference Name titled: IDN_show_punycode will be displayed Right-Click and select Toggle to change the Value field from False to True.
- Close the about:config tab.
- Set Firefox to display Punycode names. See steps above for changing the about: config settings in Firefox.
- Click on the padlock to display the HTTPS certificate. This will show the domain name that the certificate was issued in ASCII-only format. If the name starts with xn it is a Punycode domain, no matter what it looks like in the address bar
- Check the legitimacy of URLs by copying them out of the web browser and pasting them into a text editor. A spoofed URL only appears legitimate, but it actually uses an address beginning with www.xn-- which will be revealed for what it actually is once taken outside the browser?s address bar.
- Use a Password Manager. The software will automatically enter in your login credentials for the actual domains they are linked to,
- Always manually type website URLs in the address bar for important sites like Gmail or banking websites, instead of clicking any link from a website or email.
Suspected Facebook phishing website, another Punycode Homograph Phishing attack.  This time is much easier to see that something is wrong with these Facebook pages, even for an untrained eye, because both of the SSL certificates are bad and displayed in red.  I hope that all these examples will help to identify Punycode phishing attacks. One has to check everything three times to be safe online today, there are no shortcuts. This is very scary and I already have been on such malicious websites, only thanks to my password manager and other tools I was able to identify them soon enough but to be honest nobody is safe. I see hackers getting better and more greedy every day. Look at the list I gathered, with already known Punycode websites, for sure this is only a small percentage of what exists already. We have to imagine that every day hundreds of new phishing websites are created and we have to do all what possible to protect ourselves. ... Check the 7 Ways to avoid a Punycode attack - Be cautious if the site presses you to do something quickly. This is a classic strategy by hackers to rush their potential victims so that they are less likely to notice anything suspicious. Often they will offer a ‘limited time only’ deal, and make it difficult to exit the page with ‘are you sure you want to exit’ pop-ups: these are all tactics to make you stay on their site longer and give them your details.
- If you are being offered a deal, go to the original company site and check if it’s available there as well, if not it’s most likely a scam doing it’s best to mimic the established brand and trick visitors into handing over their details.
- If some of the letters in the address bar look weird, or the website design looks different, rewrite it or visit the original company URL in a new tab to compare. The letters in the address bar looking strange are a key indicator that Punycode is being used to trick you into thinking you are visiting a well-established brand site when in fact you are being taken to a malicious site.
- Use a password manager; this reduces the risk of pasting passwords into dodgy sites.
- Force your browser to display Punycode names, this option is available in Firefox.
- Click on the padlock to view and inspect the HTTPS certificate.
- Use a mobile security solution and artificial intelligence to monitor all data traffic and to detect and block phishing links.
- developed by Phish.ai and released as Google Chrome extension that can detect when users are accessing domains spelled using non-standard Unicode characters and warn about the potential of a homograph attack. 
Punycoder - Punycode converter or an IDN converter, tool for Punycode to Text/Unicode and vice-versa conversion.Service called Gluee with multiple tools for webmasters and developers.  https://www.gluee.com/tools/First one called Punycoder is a tool that converts text with special characters (UNICODE) to the Punycode encoding (just ASCII) and vice versa. This is tool to check all suspicious Phishing Punycode URLs. Just copy and paste the needed link.  https://www.punycoder.com/
DON'T USE ANY OF THESE LINKS - MALICIOUS WEBSITES!!!List of already known Punycode Phishing URLs:ns1.xn--aobe-l6b.com. --> ns1.aɗobe.com. ns2.xn--aobe-l6b.com. --> ns2.aɗobe.com. mail.xn--adoe-x34a.com. --> mail.adoḅe.com. xn--adob-yva.com. --> adobė.com. xn--adoe-x34a.com. --> adoḅe.com. xn--aobe-qua.com. --> aďobe.com. xn--dobe-p5b.com. --> ɑdobe.com. APPLEmail.xn--pple-zna.com. --> mail.?pple.com. ns1.xn--appl-ou5a.com. --> ns1.applẹ.com. ns2.xn--appl-ou5a.com. --> ns2.applẹ.com. www.xn--le-m1aa24e.com. --> www.ɑƿƿle.com. www.xn--pple-9na.cf. --> www.âpple.cf. www.xn--ppl-hla7b.cf. --> www.âppl?.cf. xn--ppl-hla7b.cf. --> âppl?.cf. www.xn--app-mra30o.com. --> www.appɩė.com. xn--aple-csa.com. --> ap?le.com. xn--appl-8va.com. --> applę.com. xn--appl-yva.com. --> applė.com. www.xn--le-m1aa24e.com. --> www.ɑƿƿle.com. AMAZONwww.xn--amazo-7l1b.com. --> www.amazoṇ.com. www.xn--amazo-vl1b.com. --> www.amazoṅ.com. www.xn--amzon-ucc.com. --> www.amȧzon.com. www.xn--mazon-2qa.de. --> www.âmazon.de. www.xn--mazon-2qa.eu. --> www.âmazon.eu. www.xn--mazon-wqa.com. --> www.ámazon.com. www.xn--mzn-plab3i.com. --> www.ämäzön.com. xn--amaon-6y1b.com. --> amaẓon.com. xn--amaon-7hb.com. --> amaźon.com. xn--amazo-sta.com. --> amazo?.com. xn--amazo-vl1b.com. --> amazoṅ.com. xn--amzon-sqa.com. --> am?zon.com. xn--amzon-ucc.com. --> amȧzon.com. BANK OF AMERICAwww.xn--bakofamerica-qfc.com. --> www.baŋkofamerica.com. mail.xn--bnkofmeric-q5aef.com. --> mail.bänkofämericä.com. secure.xn--bakofamerica-qfc.com. --> secure.baŋkofamerica.com. www.xn--ankofamerica-70c.com. --> www.ƅankofamerica.com. www.xn--bakofamerica-qfc.com. --> www.baŋkofamerica.com. www.xn--banofamerica-p7b.com. --> www.banĸofamerica.com. www.xn--bnkofamerica-pob.com. --> www.bąnkofamerica.com. www.xn--bnkofmeric-ggeef.com. --> www.bɑnkofɑmericɑ.com. www.xn--bnkofmeric-q5aef.com. --> www.bänkofämericä.com. xn--ankofamerica-70c.com. --> ƅankofamerica.com. xn--bakofamerica-qfc.com. --> baŋkofamerica.com. xn--banofamerica-p7b.com. --> banĸofamerica.com. xn--bnkofamerica-pob.com. --> bąnkofamerica.com. xn--bnkofmeric-ggeef.com. --> bɑnkofɑmericɑ.com. xn--bnkofmeric-q5aef.com. --> bänkofämericä.com. BITTREXxn--bitrex-rkb.com. --> bitţrex.com. xn--bittex-zx7b.com. --> bittṛex.com. xn--bittrx-7ua.com. --> bittr?x.com. www.xn--bitrex-rkb.com. --> www.bitţrex.com. www.xn--bittrx-7ua.com. --> www.bittr?x.com. xn--ittrex-hrb.com. --> ƅittrex.com. www.xn--ittrex-hrb.com. --> www.ƅittrex.com. xn--bttx-vpa4unq.com --> bíttŕēx.com CISCO xn--csco-lza.com. --> cısco.com. xn--csco-qpa.com. --> c?sco.com. xn--csco-vpa.com. --> císco.com. xn--n1afa3fe.net. --> cisco.net. COINBASExn--cinbase-10a.com. --> c?inbase.com. xn--cinbase-90a.com. --> cöinbase.com. xn--cinbase-d0a.com. --> c?inbase.com. xn--cinbase-t0a.com. --> côinbase.com. xn--coibase-6za.com. --> coi?base.com. xn--coibase-r13c.com. --> coiṇbase.com. xn--coinbae-fqb.com. --> coinbaşe.com. xn--coinbas-8xa.com. --> coinbas?.com. xn--coinbas-pya.com. --> coinbas?.com. xn--coinbas-z8a.com. --> coinbasė.com. xn--coinbse-9wa.com. --> coinbäse.com. xn--coinbse-lwa.com. --> coinbáse.com. xn--conbase-0ya.com. --> co?nbase.com. xn--conbase-feb.com. --> coīnbase.com. xn--conbase-hza.com. --> coînbase.com. xn--conbase-pza.com. --> co?nbase.com. xn--conbase-sfb.com. --> coınbase.com. xn--oinbase-l5a.com. --> ĉoinbase.com. xn--oinbase-txa.com. --> çoinbase.com. CREDIT SUISSExn--crditsuisse-cbb.at. --> créditsuisse.at. xn--crditsuisse-cbb.ch. --> créditsuisse.ch. xn--crditsuisse-cbb.com. --> créditsuisse.com. xn--crditsuisse-cbb.de. --> créditsuisse.de. xn--crditsuisse-cbb.dk. --> créditsuisse.dk. xn--crditsuisse-cbb.eu. --> créditsuisse.eu. xn--crditsuisse-cbb.net. --> créditsuisse.net. xn--crdit-suisse-ceb.at. --> crédit-suisse.at. xn--crdit-suisse-ceb.ch. --> crédit-suisse.ch. xn--crdit-suisse-ceb.com. --> crédit-suisse.com. xn--crdit-suisse-ceb.de. --> crédit-suisse.de. xn--crdit-suisse-ceb.dk. --> crédit-suisse.dk. xn--crdit-suisse-ceb.net. --> crédit-suisse.net. xn--credit-sisse-klb.com. --> credit-süisse.com. EBAYxn--bay-ema.com. --> ?bay.com. xn--eby-fla.com. --> ebáy.com. xn--eby-bla.com. --> eb?y.com. xn--eby-hsb.com. --> ebɑy.com. xn--eby-jla.com. --> ebây.com. xn--80aj7b8a.com. --> eьay.com. FACEBOOKwww.xn--acebook-js3c.com. --> www.ḟacebook.com. www.xn--acebook-w1b.net. --> www.?acebook.net. www.xn--aceook-dg7b2i.com. --> www.ḟaceḃook.com. xn--acebook-js3c.com. --> ḟacebook.com. xn--aceook-dg7b2i.com. --> ḟaceḃook.com. xn--faboo-5xa8ftm.eu. --> faċėbooķ.eu. xn--fabook-qva9w.eu. --> faċëbook.eu. xn--facboo-k4a3x.eu. --> facėbooķ.eu. xn--facbook-4xa.com. --> fac?book.com. xn--facbook-lya.fr. --> fac?book.fr. xn--facbook-v8a.eu. --> facėbook.eu. xn--facebok-50a.fr. --> faceb?ok.fr. xn--facebok-60a.tk. --> facebo?k.tk. xn--facebok-h0a.eu. --> faceb?ok.eu. xn--facebok-x0a.fr. --> facebôok.fr. xn--faceboo-jhb.com. --> facebooĸ.com. xn--faceboo-jhb.net. --> facebooĸ.net. xn--faceook-pm3c.com. --> faceḅook.com. xn--faebok-xua7j.fr. --> façeboök.fr. xn--faebook-35a.com. --> faċebook.com. xn--fcbook-w0a9l.eu. --> fącėbook.eu. xn--fcebook-8va.com. --> f?cebook.com. xn--fceboo-w0a91b.eu. --> fącebooķ.eu. www.xn--fabook-41a0h.eu. --> www.faċėbook.eu. www.xn--fabook-xua89a.eu. --> www.façėbook.eu. www.xn--facebok-60a.tk. --> www.facebo?k.tk. www.xn--facebok-e1a.com. --> www.faceböok.com. www.xn--facebok-h0a.fr. --> www.faceb?ok.fr. www.xn--facebok-i0a.eu. --> www.facebo?k.eu. www.xn--faceok-sg7bq0e.com. --> www.faceḅọok.com. www.xn--faceook-1yb.com. --> www.faceƅook.com. www.xn--faebook-35a.com. --> www.faċebook.com. www.xn--faebook-64a.eu. --> www.faćebook.eu. www.xn--fcebook-s3a.tk. --> www.fācebook.tk. m.xn--80akppap2f62a.com. --> m.ғaceьooк.com. xn--80akppap2f62a.com. --> ғaceьooк.com. GOOGLEwww.xn--oole-9pb06e.com. --> www.ǥooɡle.com. ww25.xn--gogle-uob.com. --> ww25.gơogle.com. xn--ggle-lqaa.com. --> g??gle.com. xn--gogl-1nd42e.com. --> google.com. xn--gogle-7ta.com. --> goôgle.com. xn--gogle-jua.com. --> göogle.com. xn--gogle-kua.com. --> goögle.com. xn--gogle-uta.com. --> g?ogle.com. xn--gogle-vob.com. --> goơgle.com. xn--googl-n0a.com. --> googlę.com. xn--oogl-epa71n.com. --> ǵooglé.com. xn--oogle-v1a.xyz. --> ġoogle.xyz. xn--oole-9pb06e.com. --> ǥooɡle.com. www.xn--ggl-8la1ca.com. --> www.g??gl?.com. www.xn--ggle-lqaa.com. --> www.g??gle.com. www.xn--gogle-uta.com. --> www.g?ogle.com. www.xn--googl-n0a.com. --> www.googlę.com. KRAKENxn--80afhrc5a.com. --> кгaкeп.com. xn--krken-nra.com. --> kr?ken.com. xn--raken-gnb.com. --> ƙraken.com. xn--raken-n5a.com. --> ķraken.com. MICROSOFTww8.xn--mcrosoft-tkb.com. --> ww8.mıcrosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-c2a.es. --> www.mícrosoft.es. windows.xn--mcrosoft-c2a.com. --> windows.mícrosoft.com. ww8.xn--mcrosoft-tkb.com. --> ww8.mıcrosoft.com. www.xn--icrosoft-g89c.com. --> www.ṃicrosoft.com. www.xn--mcosoft-rfb211a.com. --> www.mıcɾosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosof-7ya00i.com. --> www.mícrosofť.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-21a.ch. --> www.m?crosoft.ch. www.xn--mcrosoft-21a.com. --> www.m?crosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-21a.eu. --> www.m?crosoft.eu. www.xn--mcrosoft-21a.fr. --> www.m?crosoft.fr. www.xn--mcrosoft-9ib.com. --> www.mīcrosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-c2a.com. --> www.mícrosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-c2a.de. --> www.mícrosoft.de. www.xn--mcrosoft-c2a.es. --> www.mícrosoft.es. www.xn--mcrosoft-c2a.eu. --> www.mícrosoft.eu. www.xn--mcrosoft-g80d.com. --> www.mịcrosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-l2a.com. --> www.mîcrosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-tkb.com. --> www.mıcrosoft.com. www.xn--mcrosoft-tkb.de. --> www.mıcrosoft.de. www.xn--mcrosoft-u2a.com. --> www.m?crosoft.com. www.xn--microsft-03a.com. --> www.microsóft.com. www.xn--microsft-9fd.com. --> www.microsȯft.com. www.xn--microsot-ez9c.com. --> www.microsoḟt.com. www.xn--microsot-x9b.com. --> www.microso?t.com. www.xn--micrsoft-y3a.com. --> www.micrósoft.com. xn--icrosoft-g89c.com. --> ṃicrosoft.com. xn--mcosoft-rfb211a.com. --> mıcɾosoft.com. xn--mcrosof-7ya00i.com. --> mícrosofť.com. xn--mcrosoft-21a.ch. --> m?crosoft.ch. xn--mcrosoft-21a.com. --> m?crosoft.com. xn--mcrosoft-21a.eu. --> m?crosoft.eu. xn--mcrosoft-21a.fr. --> m?crosoft.fr. xn--mcrosoft-9ib.com. --> mīcrosoft.com. xn--mcrosoft-c2a.com. --> mícrosoft.com. xn--mcrosoft-c2a.de. --> mícrosoft.de. xn--mcrosoft-c2a.es. --> mícrosoft.es. xn--mcrosoft-g80d.com. --> mịcrosoft.com. xn--mcrosoft-l2a.com. --> mîcrosoft.com. xn--mcrosoft-tkb.com. --> mıcrosoft.com. xn--mcrosoft-tkb.de. --> mıcrosoft.de. xn--mcrosoft-u2a.com. --> m?crosoft.com. xn--micosoft-i0d.com. --> micɾosoft.com. xn--microoft-l9c.com. --> microșoft.com. xn--microsft-03a.com. --> microsóft.com. xn--microsft-9fd.com. --> microsȯft.com. xn--microsof-eyb.com. --> microsofť.com. xn--microsof-hk0d.com. --> microsofṭ.com. xn--microsot-ez9c.com. --> microsoḟt.com. xn--microsot-x9b.com. --> microso?t.com. xn--micrsoft-y3a.com. --> micrósoft.com. NETFLIXxn--etflix-vwa.com. --> ?etflix.com. www.xn--netflx-0va.com. --> www.netfl?x.com. ns1.xn--ntflix-iva.com. --> ns1.n?tflix.com. ns2.xn--ntflix-iva.com. --> ns2.n?tflix.com. ww1.xn--etflix-vwa.com. --> ww1.?etflix.com. ww35.xn--etflix-vwa.com. --> ww35.?etflix.com. ww8.xn--etflix-vwa.com. --> ww8.?etflix.com. www.xn--etflix-vwa.com. --> www.?etflix.com. www.xn--netflx-0va.com. --> www.netfl?x.com. www.xn--netflx-7va.com. --> www.netflíx.com. www.xn--netflx-7va.eu. --> www.netflíx.eu. www.xn--netflx-f9a.com. --> www.netflįx.com. www.xn--netflx-mwa.com. --> www.netfl?x.com. www.xn--netflx-t9a.com. --> www.netflıx.com. www.xn--netlix-5tb.com. --> www.net?lix.com. www.xn--ntflix-bva.com. --> www.nétflix.com. www.xn--ntflix-i4a.com. --> www.nėtflix.com. www.xn--ntflix-iva.com. --> www.n?tflix.com. xn--etflix-vwa.com. --> ?etflix.com. xn--netflx-0va.com. --> netfl?x.com. xn--netflx-7va.com. --> netflíx.com. xn--netflx-7va.eu. --> netflíx.eu. xn--netflx-f9a.com. --> netflįx.com. xn--netflx-mwa.com. --> netfl?x.com. xn--netflx-t9a.com. --> netflıx.com. xn--netlix-5tb.com. --> net?lix.com. xn--ntflix-bva.com. --> nétflix.com. xn--ntflix-i4a.com. --> nėtflix.com. xn--ntflix-iva.com. --> n?tflix.com. NEW YORK TIMESxn--nytmes-5va.com. --> nytímes.com. xn--nytmes-dwa.com. --> nytîmes.com. xn--nytmes-yk8b.com. --> nytỉmes.com. xn--nytmes-yva.com. --> nyt?mes.com. xn--ytimes-vwa.com. --> ?ytimes.com. POLONIEX xn--polonex-3ya.com. --> polon?ex.com. xn--oloiex-yt7b2e.com. --> ṗoloṇiex.com. xn--oloniex-c53c.com. --> ṗoloniex.com. xn--plonex-6va6c.com. --> pôloníex.com. xn--ploniex-l0a.com. --> póloniex.com. xn--polniex-ex4c.com. --> polọniex.com. xn--polniex-n0a.com. --> polóniex.com. xn--poloiex-s13c.com. --> poloṇiex.com. xn--polonex-cza.com. --> poloníex.com. xn--polonex-ffb.com. --> polonįex.com. xn--polonex-ieb.com. --> polonīex.com. xn--polonex-kza.com. --> polonîex.com. xn--polonex-sza.com. --> polon?ex.com. xn--polonex-vfb.com. --> polonıex.com. xn--polonex-zw4c.com. --> polonịex.com. xn--polonix-ws4c.com. --> poloniẹx.com. xn--polonix-y8a.com. --> poloniėx.com. xn--pooniex-ojb.com. --> połoniex.com. TWITTERwww.xn--twittr-7ua.tv. --> www.twitt?r.tv. www.xn--twittr-mva.tv. --> www.twitt?r.tv. www.xn--twittr-tva.net. --> www.twittër.net. www.xn--twtter-4va.net. --> www.twítter.net. xn--twtter-cwa.com. --> twîtter.com. xn--twtter-q9a.net. --> twıtter.net. xn--twttr-7raz.com. --> tw?tt?r.com. xn--e1azaa2a9b5b.com. --> тшiттeя.com. WALMARTxn--wlmart-ita.com. --> w?lmart.com. xn--walmrt-lta.com. --> walm?rt.com. xn--wlmart-bua.com. --> wälmart.com. xn--wlmart-ita.com. --> w?lmart.com. xn--wlmart-pta.com. --> wálmart.com. WELLSFARGOxn--wellsfarg-3mc.com. --> wellsfargơ.com. xn--wellsfarg-e7a.com. --> wellsfargó.com. xn--wellsfarg-tl7d.com. --> wellsfargọ.com. xn--wellsfrgo-51a.com. --> wellsfárgo.com. YAHOOnews.xn--yah-inaa.es. --> news.yahóó.es. news.xn--yaho-7qa.biz. --> news.yahöo.biz. news.xn--yaho-7qa.info. --> news.yahöo.info. news.xn--yaho-8qa.biz. --> news.yahoö.biz. news.xn--yaho-nqa.com. --> news.yah?o.com. news.xn--yaho-sqa.es. --> news.yahóo.es. news.xn--yaho-tqa.es. --> news.yahoó.es. news.xn--yaho-tqa.org. --> news.yahoó.org. news.xn--yah-unaa.biz. --> news.yahöö.biz. news.xn--yah-unaa.info. --> news.yahöö.info. test.xn--yaho-7qa.biz. --> test.yahöo.biz. test.xn--yaho-7qa.de. --> test.yahöo.de. test.xn--yaho-8qa.biz. --> test.yahoö.biz. test.xn--yaho-8qa.info. --> test.yahoö.info. test.xn--yaho-sqa.org. --> test.yahóo.org. test.xn--yaho-tqa.com. --> test.yahoó.com. test.xn--yaho-tqa.es. --> test.yahoó.es. test.xn--yaho-tqa.org. --> test.yahoó.org. test.xn--yaho-yqa.com. --> test.yahoô.com. test.xn--yah-unaa.info. --> test.yahöö.info. wp.xn--yah-inaa.org. --> wp.yahóó.org. wp.xn--yaho-7qa.biz. --> wp.yahöo.biz. wp.xn--yaho-7qa.de. --> wp.yahöo.de. wp.xn--yaho-8qa.biz. --> wp.yahoö.biz. wp.xn--yaho-8qa.de. --> wp.yahoö.de. wp.xn--yaho-8qa.info. --> wp.yahoö.info. wp.xn--yaho-nqa.com. --> wp.yah?o.com. wp.xn--yaho-tqa.org. --> wp.yahoó.org. wp.xn--yaho-yqa.com. --> wp.yahoô.com. ww8.xn--yaho-yqa.com. --> ww8.yahoô.com. www.xn--yah-inaa.es. --> www.yahóó.es. www.xn--yah-inaa.org. --> www.yahóó.org. www.xn--yaho-7qa.biz. --> www.yahöo.biz. www.xn--yaho-7qa.de. --> www.yahöo.de. www.xn--yaho-7qa.info. --> www.yahöo.info. www.xn--yaho-8qa.biz. --> www.yahoö.biz. www.xn--yaho-8qa.info. --> www.yahoö.info. www.xn--yaho-nqa.com. --> www.yah?o.com. www.xn--yaho-ogb.com. --> www.yahoơ.com. www.xn--yaho-tqa.com. --> www.yahoó.com. www.xn--yaho-tqa.es. --> www.yahoó.es. www.xn--yaho-x0b.com. --> www.yahȯo.com. www.xn--yah-unaa.biz. --> www.yahöö.biz. www.xn--yah-unaa.info. --> www.yahöö.info. www.xn--yaoo-674a.com. --> www.yaḣoo.com. www.xn--yaoo-6xa.com. --> www.yaħoo.com. xn--ahoo-4ra.com. --> ýahoo.com. xn--yah-inaa.es. --> yahóó.es. xn--yaho-7qa.biz. --> yahöo.biz. xn--yaho-7qa.info. --> yahöo.info. xn--yaho-8qa.info. --> yahoö.info. xn--yaho-nqa.com. --> yah?o.com. xn--yaho-ogb.com. --> yahoơ.com. xn--yaho-sqa.org. --> yahóo.org. xn--yaho-tqa.es. --> yahoó.es. xn--yaho-tqa.org. --> yahoó.org. xn--yaho-x0b.com. --> yahȯo.com. xn--yaho-yqa.com. --> yahoô.com. xn--yah-unaa.biz. --> yahöö.biz. xn--yah-unaa.info. --> yahöö.info. xn--yhoo-0na.com. --> y?hoo.com. xn--yhoo-loa.info. --> yähoo.info. xn--yho-qla5g.info. --> yähöo.info. xn--yho-qla6g.info. --> yähoö.info. WIKIPEDIAxn--wiipedia-nmb.com. --> wiĸipedia.com. xn--wikipdia-50a.cat. --> wikip?dia.cat. xn--wikipdia-f1a.com. --> wikipédia.com. xn--wikipdia-f1a.net. --> wikipédia.net. xn--wikipdia-f1a.org. --> wikipédia.org. xn--wikipeda-81a.com. --> wikiped?a.com. xn--wikipeda-i2a.org. --> wikipedía.org. xn--wikpedia-e2a.org. --> wikípedia.org. xn--wkipeda-rfbf.com. --> wıkipedıa.com. xn--wkipedia-c2a.org. --> wíkipedia.org. xn--wkipedia-u2a.com. --> w?kipedia.com. xn--wkpedia-7yab.org. --> wíkípedia.org. xn--wkpedia-rfbb.com. --> wıkıpedia.com. xn--wkpedia-zyab.com. --> w?k?pedia.com. YANDEXwww.xn--yande-vx1b.com. --> www.yandeẋ.com. www.xn--yanex-vb1b.com. --> www.yanḋex.com. www.xn--yndex-0jc.com. --> www.yɑndex.com. xn--yande-uze.ru.ru. --> yandex.ru.ru. xn--yndex-3wa.com. --> yąndex.com. YOUTUBExn--yotube-jnb.com. --> yoűtube.com. xn--youtub-nva.com. --> youtub?.com. xn--youtue-7g7b.com. --> youtuḇe.com. ww11.xn--yotube-jya.com. --> ww11.yo?tube.com. ww43.xn--yotube-4ya.com. --> ww43.yoütube.com. www.xn--yotube-4ya.com. --> www.yoütube.com. www.xn--youtue-7g7b.com. --> www.youtuḇe.com. www.xn--youube-kmc.com. --> www.youțube.com. xn--outube-9ya.com. --> ýoutube.com. www.xn--outube-9s8b.com. --> www.ỳoutube.com. www.xn--outube-9ya.de. --> www.ýoutube.de. MISC: LUXURY BRANDS www.xn--gucc-tpa.com. --> www.gucc?.com. xn--gucc-tpa.com. --> gucc?.com. xn--herms-7ra.com. --> herm?s.com. www.xn--herms-7ra.fr. --> www.herm?s.fr. www.xn--lousvuitton-qcb.com. --> www.louísvuitton.com. MISC: SOCIAL PLATFORMSxn--nstagram-11a.com. --> ?nstagram.com. xn--nstagram-skb.com. --> ınstagram.com. www.xn--nstagram-skb.com. --> www.ınstagram.com. xn--istagram-7pb.com. --> iņstagram.com. www.xn--imgu-t4a.com. --> www.imguŕ.com. xn--imgr-sra.com. --> imgúr.com. xn--whatspp-lwa.com. &n
article used as a source for information: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/chrome-extension-detects-url-homograph-unicode-attacks/
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To understand how Bitcoin transactions work and what are their types, we have to start from the beginning and explain what Bitcoin addresses, transactions, scripts are and how they work? Bitcoin address - is a string of alphanumerical characters that user can distribute to anyone who wishes to send them money. Bitcoin addresses can come in different formats, with common ones being: Pay-to-PubKeyHash (P2PKH) and Pay-to-ScriptHash (P2SH). Although anyone can send bitcoins to any given Bitcoin address, those funds can only be spent if they fulfill certain requirements laid out by Bitcoin’s scripting system. Script - is effectively a list of recorded instructions that accompany each executed transaction; the script governs how the next person wanting to spend the sent bitcoins can gain access to them. Scripts accompanying outputs in transactions are called PubKey Scripts (they are also known as locking scripts), which are known in code as scriptPubKey. Recipients of the sent bitcoins will then generate a signature script (also known as an unlocking script), which is a collection of data parameters that are generated by the spender which is used to satisfy a PubKey Script. Signature scripts are called scriptSig in code. Example: when Alice decides to initiate a transaction with Bob, the output contains bitcoins that are spendable on condition that the instructions laid out by the attached PubKey Script are satisfied. Once this transaction is broadcasted and added to the blockchain, the network will categorize the transaction as an Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO), and Bob’s wallet software will recognize it as being a spendable balance. When Bob decides to spend this UTXO he will create an input that includes a signature script that must satisfy the conditions that Alice placed in the previous output’s PubKey Script. Bitcoin transaction - is a transfer of value between Bitcoin wallets that gets included in the blockchain. Bitcoin wallets keep a secret piece of data called a private key or seed, which is used to sign transactions, providing a mathematical proof that they have come from the owner of the wallet. The signature also prevents the transaction from being altered by anybody once it has been issued. All transactions are broadcast to the network and usually begin to be confirmed within 10-20 minutes, through a process called mining. All transactions are visible in the blockchain and can be viewed with an explorer. A blockchain explorer is a site where every transaction included within the blockchain can be viewed in human-readable terms. This is useful for seeing the technical details of transactions in action and for verifying payments. What are the Bitcoin Transaction types?There a few standard Bitcoin transaction types at the time of writing. The developers behind Bitcoin have been continuously evolving the types of transactions to allow more functionality – the present list may change in the future. There are standard transactions which are accepted by the standard client – although some miners will accept the last type, which is a non-standard transaction but for a price. Script > P2PK, P2PKH, P2MS, P2SH, P2WPKH, NULL DATA, NON-STANDARD Standard types of transaction scripts: pay-to-public-key-hash ( P2PKH), public-key ( P2PK), multi-signature ( P2MS) limited to 15 keys, pay-to-script-hash ( P2SH), pay-to-witness-public-key-hash ( P2WPKH) - This was a feature of Segwit which stands for Segregated Witness and data output Null Data ( OP_RETURN), which are described in more detail in the following sections. The last type is special and we call it a non-standard transaction. Simplified explanation of transaction types for beginners.P2PKH: "Pay To Public Key Hash" - This is how a big percentage of transactions are made. You are requiring the sender to supply a valid signature (from the private key) and public key. The transaction output script will use the signature and public key after checking the hash of the provided public key with previous output, and through some cryptographic functions will check if the signature is valid, if it was, then the funds will be spendable. This method conceals your public key in the form of a hash for extra security. If the spending condition is set to present a public key hash, then it is a P2PKH TX, and you have the std Op_Dup, Op_Hash160,... structure. P2PK: "Pay To Public Key" - Unlike P2PKH that contained the hash of public key; this script contains the public key itself. Anyone using this method to send funds over the P2P network is showing people their public key in the transaction details. The spending condition only requires you to present your public key and signature. The public key would be recognized by your wallet (following the above mentioned coding scheme) as „type 1“ address. P2SH: "Pay To Script Hash" - became a standard script in April 2012. The outputs of a transaction are just hash of scripts known as redeemscript that, if are executed with specific parameters, will result in a boolean of true or false. If a miner runs the output script with the supplied parameters and results in true, the money will be sent to your desired output. P2SH is used for multi-signature wallets making the output scripts logic that checks for multiple signatures before accepting the transaction. P2SH can also be used to allow anyone, or no one, to spend the funds. If the output script of a P2SH transaction is just 1 for true, then attempting to spend the output without supplying parameters will just result in 1 making the money spendable by anyone who tries. This also applies to scripts that return 0, making the output spendable by no one. P2WPKH: "Pay To Witness Public Key Hash" - This was a feature of segwit which stands for Segregated Witness. Instead of using scriptSig parameters to check the transaction validity, there is a new part of the transaction called witness where the validity occurs. In 2015, Pieter Wuille introduced a new feature to bitcoin called Segregated Witness, also known by its abbreviated name, Segwit. Basically, Segregated Witness moves the proof of ownership from the scriptSig part of the transaction to a new part called the witness of the input. P2MS: "MultiSignature" - (multisig) refers to requiring more than one key to authorize a Bitcoin transaction and was first applied to Bitcoin addresses in 2013. Generally used to divide up responsibility for possession of bitcoins. Standard transactions on the Bitcoin network could be called “single-signature transactions,” because transfers require only one signature — from the owner of the private key associated with the Bitcoin address. However, the Bitcoin network supports much more complicated transactions that require the signatures of multiple people before the funds can be transferred. These are often referred to as M-of-N transactions. The idea is that Bitcoins become “encumbered” by providing addresses of multiple parties, thus requiring cooperation of those parties in order to do anything with them. These parties can be people, institutions or programmed scripts. Became a standard script in January 2012. NULL DATA: (OP_RETURN) - transaction type relayed and mined by default in Bitcoin Core 0.9.0 and later that adds arbitrary data to a provably unspendable pubkey script that full nodes don’t have to store in their UTXO database. Anyone can use a NULL DATA script to add some arbitrary data to a transaction, so you can find them scattered around the blockchain. We have to remember that not all miners accept transactions with null-data and not all nodes relay them. (OP_RETURN) outputsLook for empty outputs when browsing the blockchain, as NULL DATA scripts are almost always placed on empty outputs (because the outputs are made unspendable by the lock). Here is a web page with a list of metadata recently embedded in the bitcoin blockchain using OP_RETURN outputs: http://coinsecrets.org/Non-Standart - to include this type of transaction to the Bitcoin Blockchain, an agreement has to be reached with a miner: the non-standard transaction will be then included in the blockchain when the miner resolves the block. Depends on the hash rate from the miner it can be quite a while taking into consideration very high actual difficulty which is rising constantly from the start of Bitcoin. Of course, miner will take a proper fee for the non-standard transaction.  The addresses are generated from the hex pubkey a cool playground here: http://gobittest.appspot.com/Address
Extended explanation of Bitcoin transaction types for more advanced users.Pay-to-PubKey - (P2PK) is a simpler form of a bitcoin payment than pay-to-public-key-hash. With this script form, the public key itself is stored in the locking script, rather than a public-key-hash as with P2PKH earlier, which is much shorter. P2PK is a script pattern that locks an output to a public key. Despite being the simplest script for locking bitcoins to someone's public key, P2PK is not used as much as the similar (yet more complex) P2PKH script. This is because the original Bitcoin Core miner would use P2PK for the block reward when constructing a candidate block. You'll most commonly find P2PK in coinbase transactions in the earlier blocks in the blockchain.  Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash - (P2PKH) The vast majority of transactions processed on the bitcoin network were P2PKH transactions. These contain a locking script that encumbers the output with a public key hash, more commonly known as a bitcoin address. Transactions that pay a bitcoin address contain P2PKH scripts. An output locked by a P2PKH script can be unlocked (spent) by presenting a public key and a digital signature created by the corresponding private key.  P2PKH is the default script used by wallets when you want to "send" someone bitcoins, so you can find it in most blocks in the blockchain. This script pattern is used to "send" someone bitcoins. It's the most common script used for locking an output to someone's public key. It is similar to P2PK, but the lock contains the hash of a public key instead (and not the public key itself). Every time you send bitcoins to an address that starts with a 1 you are creating a P2PKH locking script.  Pay-to-ScriptHash - (P2SH) was introduced in Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 16 (BIP 16) by Gavin Andresen, and it resulted in a new ‘standard’ transaction type for the Bitcoin scripting system. The purpose of P2SH, according to Andresen: ‘Is to move the responsibility for supplying the conditions to redeem a transaction from the sender of the funds to the redeemer’.  In the example above, Bob generates a redeem script, hashes the redeem script to produce the redeem script hash and provides the hash to Alice. Alice can now then create a P2SH-style output containing Bob’s redeem script hash. P2SH transaction type produces a number of advantages, such as: The sender can fund any arbitrary redeem script without knowing what the spending conditions attached to the script are. This is an appropriate result because the sender of the transaction does not care how sent funds will be spent in the future. This is an issue for the recipient, who does care about conditions for further spending. The reduced transaction fee for the sender of the funds. Transaction fees are directly proportional to the size of a transaction, and a cryptographic hash of a fixed length allows the sender to send funds to any arbitrary redeem script without worrying about paying higher fees. It is the recipient’s responsibility to determine how large their spending transaction will be and how much it will cost, as they have to include the redeem script in order to spend funds. In other words, the burden of constructing the script and bearing the transaction fee of a long script is shifted to the recipient.  A common implementation of the P2SH function is the multi-signature address script. This script requires that a transaction possess more than one digital signature in order to prove ownership, and by extension spend funds. With P2SH transactions, the locking script is replaced with a redeem script hash. This hash derives from a redeem script, which functions similarly to the PubKey Script in that it too also contains conditions that must be satisfied before the output can be spent. When a transaction attempting to spend the UTXO is later initiated, the input must contain the PubKey Script (that contains the redeem script hash) and the unlocking script. In P2SH transactions, the script that houses the conditions for spending the output, which is the redeem script, is not presented in the locking script. Instead, only the hash (the redeem script hash) is included in the locking script, the redeem script itself is presented as part of the unlocking script when the output is spent. This has the effect of, as Andresen noted in BIP 16, of moving the responsibility for supplying the conditions to redeem a transaction from the sender of the funds to the redeemer.  Benefits of pay-to-script-hash: The pay-to-script-hash feature offers the following benefits compared to the direct use of complex scripts in locking outputs: - Complex scripts are replaced by shorter fingerprints in the transaction output, making the transaction smaller. - Scripts can be coded as an address, so the sender and the sender’s wallet don’t need complex engineering to implement P2SH. - P2SH shifts the burden of constructing the script to the recipient, not the sender. - P2SH shifts the burden in data storage for the long script from the output (which is in the UTXO set and therefore affect memory) to the input (only stored on the blockchain). - P2SH shifts the burden in data storage for the long script from the present time (payment) to a future time (when it is spent). - P2SH shifts the transaction fee cost of a long script from the sender to the recipient, who has to include the long redeem script to spend it. - P2WSH similar to P2SH but the hash of the script is different and the redeemscript itself goes in witness. - P2SH-P2WPKH nested SegWit (workarounds) where it is similar to P2WPKH but the whole thing is put inside of a redeem script and hashed. - P2SH-P2WSH same as previous one but for P2WSH. Multi-Signature - (P2MS) scripts set a condition where N public keys are recorded in the script and at least M of those must provide signatures to release the encumbrance. This is also known as an M-of-N scheme, where N is the total number of keys and M is the threshold of signatures required for validation. For example, a 2-of-3 multi-signature is one where three public keys are listed as potential signers and at least two of those must be used to create signatures for a valid transaction to spend the funds.  At this time, standard multi-signature scripts are limited to at most 15 listed public keys, meaning you can do anything from a 1-of-1 to a 15-of-15 multi-signature or any combination within that range. The limitation to 15 listed keys might be lifted by the time this book is published, so check the isStandard() function to see what is currently accepted by the network.  Pay-to-Witness-Public-Key-Hash - (P2WPKH) has the same semantics as P2PKH, except that the signature is not placed at the same location as before. Segregated Witness (SegWit) moves the proof of ownership from the scriptSig part of the transaction to a new part called the witness of the input. Before SegWit the transaction signature was used in the calculation of the transaction id. The signature contains the same information as a P2PKH spend but is located in the witness instead of the scriptSig. The scriptPubKey is modified from. A native P2WPKH address has prefix bc1q for Bitcoin mainnet. It uses the same public key format as P2PKH, with a very important exception: the public key used in P2WPKH MUST be compressed, i.e. 33 bytes in size, and starting with a 0x02 or 0x03. The P2WPKH scriptPubKey is always 22 bytes. It starts with an OP_0, followed by a canonical push of the keyhash (i.e. 0x0014{20-byte keyhash}).  P2WPKH address should be used when only 1 public key is used to receive payment (like a standard P2PKH address). Because the SegWit signature generating algorithm (described in BIP143) covers the value of the input being spent, a transaction spending a SegWit utxo can be signed securely by an air-gapped light-weight wallet or by a hardware wallet. P2WPKH addresses are Bech32-encoded according to BIP143: they start with bc1q.. for Bitcoin mainnet and are somewhat longer than traditional P2PKH addresses. NULL DATA - (OP RETURN) is a script opcode which can be used to write arbitrary data on the blockchain and also to mark a transaction output as invalid. Since any outputs with OP_RETURN are provably unspendable, OP_RETURN outputs can be used to burn bitcoins. In version 0.9 of the Bitcoin Core client, a compromise was reached with the introduction of the OP_RETURN operator.  OP_RETURN allows developers to add 40 bytes of nonpayment data to a transaction output. However, unlike the use of “fake” UTXO, the OP_RETURN operator creates an explicitly provably unspendable output, which does not need to be stored in the UTXO set. OP_RETURN outputs are recorded on the blockchain, so they consume disk space and contribute to the increase in the blockchain’s size, but they are not stored in the UTXO set and therefore do not bloat the UTXO memory pool and burden full nodes with the cost of more expensive RAM. Keep in mind that there is no “unlocking script” that corresponds to OP_RETURN that could possibly be used to “spend” an OP_RETURN output.  The whole point of OP_RETURN is that you can’t spend the money locked in that output, and therefore it does not need to be held in the UTXO set as potentially spendable—OP_RETURN is provably un-spendable. OP_RETURN is usually an output with a zero bitcoin amount because any bitcoin assigned to such an output is effectively lost forever. If an OP_RETURN is encountered by the script validation software, it results immediately in halting the execution of the validation script and marking the transaction as invalid. Thus, if you accidentally reference an OP_RETURN output as an input in a transaction, that transaction is invalid. A standard transaction (one that conforms to the isStandard() checks) can have only one OP_RETURN output. However, a single OP_RETURN output can be combined in a transaction with outputs of any other type. Stealth addresses offer another example of OP_RETURN in action. This scheme enables payments to be received without publicly revealing the receiver’s public key or address. Data needed to make this system work are encoded within a call to OP_RETURN. In essence, Bitcoin does double duty as a secure messaging protocol.  You can use NULL DATA for data storage, because the standard script allows for a data push at the end. So if you want to add some arbitrary data to a transaction; include an extra (empty) output, and place a NULL DATA locking script on it:  Non Standart - to include this type of transaction to the Bitcoin Blockchain, an agreement has to be reached with a miner: the non-standard transaction will be then included in the blockchain when the miner resolves the block. Depends on the hash rate from the miner it can be quite a while taking into consideration very high actual difficulty which is rising constantly from the start of Bitcoin. Of course, miner will take a proper fee for the non-standard transaction. Bitcoin Transaction Types:
https://learnmeabitcoin.com/glossary/p2pkhttps://learnmeabitcoin.com/glossary/p2mshttps://learnmeabitcoin.com/glossary/p2shhttps://learnmeabitcoin.com/glossary/nulldatahttps://learnmeabitcoin.com/glossary/p2pkhhttps://www.mycryptopedia.com/p2sh-pay-to-script-hash-explained/https://bitzuma.com/posts/op-return-and-the-future-of-bitcoin/https://www.cryptocompare.com/wallets/guides/bitcoin-transactions-pay-to-address-pay-to-public-key-hash/https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/guides/bitcoin-transactions-pay-to-script-hash/https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/guides/what-happens-to-a-bitcoin-transaction/https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/guides/how-does-a-bitcoin-transaction-work/https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/guides/what-are-the-bitcoin-transaction-types/https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/64733/what-is-p2pk-p2pkh-p2sh-p2wpkh-eli5https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/72194/why-dont-p2pk-scripts-have-their-own-addresshttp://bitcoinscri.pt/pages/segwit_native_p2wpkh_addresshttps://programmingblockchain.gitbook.io/programmingblockchain/other_types_of_ownership/p2wpkh_pay_to_witness_public_key_hashhttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Multisignaturehttps://bitcoin.org/en/glossary/null-data-transaction |
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Pozwól mi zadać inne pytanie. Dlaczego na bitcointalku pojawiały się duże poradniki ( przykład) przed wprowadzeniem meritów? Nawet gdyby chodziło o kampanię, to duży temat nadal byłby liczony jako 1 post. Wydaje mi się, że dla zdobycie rozpoznawalności, budowania konta i robienia dalszej "kariery" jako moderator, menedżer kampanii lub chociaż zwykły partycypant sygnaturki. Ale zgodzę się, że nie wszystko tworzy się z myślą o pieniądzach lub tylko zarobku. Na pewno są tacy ludzie, którzy zrobią coś tylko bo tak chcą lub nawet dla dobra ogółu. W tym przypadku może to być właśnie ta wtyczka, biorąc pod uwagę, że to Bitcointalk member i mógł zrobić ja dla siebie. |
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Ten temat, to split z wątku: Jak zmienić wygląd Bitcointalk na ciemny (Dark Theme)?Moderator bardzo świadomie podzielił oba wątki, kiedy zaczęliśmy dyskutować o nowym forum Epochtalk . Myślę,że to dobrze bo przyda się taki luźny wątek gdzie będzie można pogadać o obydwu
Nie da się usunąć konta. Póki forum nie będzie przerzucone na epochtalk, to zostaje jak jest. Przy obecnym tempie nie zanosi się na zmiany. A wiesz może kiedy to będzie i czy w ogóle prace są kontynuowane? Trwa to naprawdę bardzo długo, biorąc pod uwagę jaką ilość BTC zebrano na ten cel, to powinno być już dawno gotowe. Kiedyś myślałem, że Theymos sam nad tym pracuje i nie ma żadnych pieniędzy, a tu się okazuje, że były dotowane duże sumy i kasa jest pełna. Dlatego nie mogę zrozumieć, czemu to tak długo trwa, jeżeli stać go na wynajęcie developerów? Przecież to ma być zwykłe forum, a nie drugi Bitcoin. |
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UPDATED 29.08.2019 From a couple of days on Twitter, there are multiple comments about new Satoshi, which popped up suddenly with a new web page, where he reveals in three parts, his true identity and the real story behind Bitcoin. Additionally, he shows proves to be real Satoshi, like addresses, signatures, etc.. If you haven't heard about this yet I encourage to look at this page and read the content provided to know the story a little better. Here link: https://satoshinrh.com/I will refrain from quoting the author or to show the proves he provided. I think every interested member should read the content on his own to make a clear point of few. Just want to ask the Bitcointalk community: What do you think about this new Satoshi? Is this the real one or another scammer?
Personally, I think that this is no coincidence that we see all these new Faketoshis popping up every week. I assume this is very good after the drama with CW because the importance of the true identity of Satoshi Nakomoto and impact on Bitcoin and the community is smaller with every new revelation.
I will not say that the real Satoshi doesn't matter and it would be great to finally know who he really is and to give him a Nobel price in the future but for sure every new Faketoshi matters less and less, which will finally stop all the madness, when this headlines will be no more such a lucrative click bites making so much noise.
Finally great news from CW case!!! He has to pay 50% of all mined BTC back to Kleimans family and additionally 50% of the intellectual property from Bitcoin creation.Of course, CW (Faketoshi) has now the right to not accept this judgment and go further with court cases, but the first one is already lost and the judge calls CW a simple lier. Thisissogood to see such outcome but from another side when I start thinking about it then I start to worry because the amounts of BTC are overwhelming and we can not forget that Kleimans family would have to pay 40% in taxes from the received amount which can be the reason for price dump if they will have to sell BTC to pay the tax. What do you think about this? Is this another threat? Or CW doesn't have this BTC in the first place and there is no Tulip fund which releases this coins 21 January 2020? |
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