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401  Bitcoin / Mining / Re: Bitcoin mining more profitable than January. on: May 01, 2011, 12:59:27 AM
...
With the release of 6990s, the difficulty I'm projecting could go up quite a bit more than my model, which hurts miners quite a bit.

Of course, my models could be garbage, and the difficulty might not increase beyond a certain linear amount, in which case mining becomes more profitable.

But if you expect rising prices of BTC, you are going to be a lot better off just buying coins now.  If you already have equipment and mining is more profitable than what you pay for electricity, mine away!

Thanks for sharing your hard work here! It's nice to see some actual projections.

Did you use 18% jumps for your difficulty predictions? I was using 15% a few weeks ago when I  started my predictions, but the most recent jump was 19% and the next predicted jump is already over 30%.



I have a model based on "expected" price based on difficulty (what is the historical difference ratio between difficulty and price).  If that "expected" price gets too low, then difficulty increases will be smaller (or even negative).  If expected price gets too high, then difficulty will rise more.

Right now the ratio is 2.26 between price and expected price.  2/18 we saw the only ratio close to this, which was 2.017.  The next difficulty rise was 50% after that. It was followed by a 37% difficulty rise (in a 1.32 ratio), then the ease in difficulty of 9%.

I'm predicting around a 60% rise in difficulty which tapers down to a constant rate of 18% in my 18% growth model (it hits 20% by 8/4).  It eventually levels out to 18% once the ratio gets near a stable value of 1.086.

In my 7% model, I am predicting difficulty rises of 50%, 38%, 26%, 19%, etc... down to 7% where it levels out.

My model is actually fairly optimistic, since the predicted increase in difficulty tends to rise more even when the ratio is below 1 between my "expected" price vs. real price.

It is a model and it's only based on a few historical data points (23 sets of 2016 blocks since August), and I'm looking mostly at data since 12/21, so that's only 12 data points.  I averaged all transactions in each set of block difficulties to try to model the next difficulty.  It could be way off, and there are so many things that could really screw up the model (new cards that are faster, FPGAs, etc...).
402  Bitcoin / Mining / Re: Bitcoin mining more profitable than January. on: May 01, 2011, 12:29:20 AM
I spent all day working numbers on different projections of the price and difficulty for the next year.

There is a fundamental problem in setting up mining rigs- other miners are not acting as if they are running a business and tend to overinvest in rigs.  This drives difficulty up, even if the price stalls.  The only model I could come up with that made mining more profitable than buying was when miners backed off faster when the price : difficulty ratio dropped to low levels, although historically this doesn't hold.  If the price of bitcoins goes up significantly (equal to the current rate of 18% per difficulty level), you are way better off buying (73% more profitable buying coins).  This is based on a 30 million difficulty in 1 year, and $425/Bitcoin in 1 year.  I modeled difficulty increases based on the current price and difficulty to get the difficulty level.

Based on more conservative estimates, (1.07% increase in the price of bitcoins), I came up 35% more profits on buying vs. mining ($25/BTC in 1 year, 3.2million difficulty in 1 year).

Based on no growth, mining was more profitable (9% ROI vs. 0%).  (600k difficulty, $3.50 BC target).

Based on -1% growth per 2016 blocks, mining loses 14% vs. 25% buying. (2.62 BTC target, 467k difficulty)

Based on -5% growth per 2016 blocks, mining loses 66% vs. 77% buying ($.79 BTC target, 173k difficulty)

Based on -10% growth per 2016 blocks, mining loses 77% vs. 95% buying ($.16 BTC target, 49k difficulty) (in this case, electricity costs more than its worth to mine and you stop mining pretty early)

If you are bullish on BTC futures, you are far better off buying now.  The more bearish you are, the more rigs make sense.  Also there is some residual value in your equipment if you abandon mining, so there's at least some recouping of your investment.

With the release of 6990s, the difficulty I'm projecting could go up quite a bit more than my model, which hurts miners quite a bit.

Of course, my models could be garbage, and the difficulty might not increase beyond a certain linear amount, in which case mining becomes more profitable.

But if you expect rising prices of BTC, you are going to be a lot better off just buying coins now.  If you already have equipment and mining is more profitable than what you pay for electricity, mine away!
403  Economy / Economics / Re: Why such a difference between the different exchanges? on: April 30, 2011, 11:23:07 PM
Looking at the charts here (http://bitcoincharts.com/markets/bcmPPUSD.html), I've noticed that while MtGox is up around $3.57/BTC, bitcoinmarket is only at $2.30/BTC (last trade).  Why is this?  Couldn't someone just snatch up all of the cheap BTC off of bitcoinmarket and resell it on MtGox?

Yes, they could.  How many are actually available to buy at Bitcoinmarket?
404  Bitcoin / Bitcoin Discussion / Re: Disadvantages of Bitcoin why price might drop. on: April 30, 2011, 08:53:55 PM
Seems things are rallying too fast.   Here are some reason why bitcoin could crash. 

1. If you trade in bitcoins you still have to find a buyer of them if you want a pizza.  Thus you will have to use a service to exchange your money to dollars on their terms.  If you drive to a bitcoin meet-up you are still wasting gas to do the exchange.  You will have a middleman more often.

2. There is a risk of lost, stolen, or disk failure wallets.  Yes you can lose your wallet in real life, but you usually find it under the bed. 

3. Shops are slow in adjusting prices, if the price rises and their store might have prices that are 2 months old and they seem expensive.   What if prices crash 90% will the shop honor the price?  I doubt it they buy all their materials in USD, CAD, RUB, or EUD.

4. There is no record of exchange.  What if you buy a car and you go to pick it up and there is no car or address?  You are out 10,000 BTC.  If you buy something over the internet even for 1 BTC, if they don't send it you are out of luck.

5. The churning of your hard-drive is already annoying to run the bitcoin client.  If the economy gets 10x bigger that churning is going to be 10x bigger.  Are there any stats to Mb per day you waste on hard disk space?  What about bandwidth?

6. In the end you might have to end up using a bitcoin bank anyways where you store your bitcoins to take the risk out of lost wallets.  Then you run the risk that the goldsmiths, take your money and spend it loans and blow.

7. There is always the risk of someone destroying the network or finding a flaw and taking the system down.  Since BTC could be used for money laundering, it might be a big goal of the governments of the world to take it down.

8. What if people stopped mining BTC, or the euphoria of a deflationary currency would people lose interest in it?

I suppose you say all these are already factored into the price of BTC.   

405  Bitcoin / Mining / Re: Mining difficulty to cross 1 million when? on: April 30, 2011, 08:23:14 PM
I've been working on a difficulty model, it needs some work, but I'm predicting November 8, 2011.
406  Economy / Gambling / Re: Bitcoin Poker Room on: April 30, 2011, 02:28:27 PM
Second, I have some suggestions, you need to adjust your tables really.

Thanks for your input. I would like to hear what other members think about best combination of tables. This part is matter of messing with configuration files, so I can implement this fairly easy.

Also I never played anything beside hold'em, so I really do not know any details about other poker games (it just came with software and I left it as is). If there are bugs with it - please let me know. Probably it will make sense to push bug report to server software author.

Finally, you must fix the structure in limit tables. The problem is, the software makes the blinds 2x big as they should be. In .02-.04 limit for example, the blinds are .02 and .04, when they should be .01 and .02. This makes the opening raise size to .06, when it should be .04. Now, due to this fact you would have to have .005 and .01 blinds, if you want to keep the .01-.02, limit tables. This would be fine, and I would make 5 of those as well. Currently at the .01-.02 limit tables the blinds are .01 and .02, and the opening raise size is .03, when it should be .02, and blinds .01 and .01. That would actually work too, so either .005 and .01 blinds, or .01 and .01, if you can't do 3 decimal points.

Could someone else comment on this too? I do not have much experience in poker, but I always believe .01-.02 should refer to small and big blinds. Is this really incorrect? Any examples?

Yes I am correct. Open a play money pokerstars table, with limit betting. 200/400 limit holdem has 100/200 blinds. etc

Also I forgot one VERY important thing

You must implement all hands to be shown at showdown. At current time, sometimes only winning hand is shown. This is to prevent teamplay/collusion, people working together. All players on table should be able to see the losing hand, at least in the "dealer chat" window.

Please don't do this.  Just because a lot of online sites do this doesn't mean it's a good idea.  If you do this in live poker, you'll get a kick in the nuts if you do it too much.  Although this rule is supposedly designed to prevent collusion, it is very rare that it actually is.  However, a lot of nits like it since they get to see what people had.

Sorry but its completely different in live poker, Tom. In live poker, it is quite easy to tell if people are communicating, signaling, or using strange speech in order to telegraph their hands or the strength of their hands. In online poker, it is impossible, its just anonymous and anyone can come in with a friend and start sharing hole cards over the phone or an IM program. It is essential that this feature be implemented until there is sufficient support to review hand histories and prevent collusion. Preventing cheating and maintaining game integrity should be the #1 priority of this poker site.

I don't care if one gets a kick in the nuts for doing it live. For the record, I have played thousands of hours live and have never once asked to see someones mucked hand. I hope you can understand how completely different it is. Hands go to showdown around 5% of the time anyways, so its not like its gonna be showing your cards every hand. It will simply show the cards when someone bets with the best hand and someone else calls with a worse hand, it needs to show what worse hand they were calling with, this is extremely important if you just think about it for 5 seconds, come on man. It already shows someones hand if they are bluffing, at least if they are out of position, I'm pretty sure the software shows the bluffers hand and then shows the callers winning hand (but only if the caller had position, this should happen regardless).

There is a lot of differences between online and live poker, and one of them is you need to be able to see all hands that went to showdown, every time. You don't want your hand to be seen, then go play live poker and kick people in the nuts for asking. You wanna come on here, then abide by the rules. There's a damn good reason online poker has its own set of rules, that have been carefully honed and perfected by Full Tilt and Stars, the two main sites in the US market till recently. Its because those rules are the best rules for running an online poker room. Just because the rule only prevents collusion rarely, that is your argument for not having it? That is a god-awful argument, not trying to be a dick, just speaking my mind. It shouldn't matter at all how often it prevents collusion, if it does it ONCE its worth having.

So tell me how you detect collusion using that rule?  And why wouldn't the colluders just fold on the end to avoid detection?

It doesn't detect anything except for figuring out what people folded, giving you more information on how they play.  The rule doesn't protect collusion at all.

BTW- I have played at several online sites that do not show hands at the end.  Much more enjoyable than the bot-fest infected FTP and PS.
407  Economy / Gambling / Re: Bitcoin Poker Room on: April 30, 2011, 01:27:01 AM
Second, I have some suggestions, you need to adjust your tables really.

Thanks for your input. I would like to hear what other members think about best combination of tables. This part is matter of messing with configuration files, so I can implement this fairly easy.

Also I never played anything beside hold'em, so I really do not know any details about other poker games (it just came with software and I left it as is). If there are bugs with it - please let me know. Probably it will make sense to push bug report to server software author.

Finally, you must fix the structure in limit tables. The problem is, the software makes the blinds 2x big as they should be. In .02-.04 limit for example, the blinds are .02 and .04, when they should be .01 and .02. This makes the opening raise size to .06, when it should be .04. Now, due to this fact you would have to have .005 and .01 blinds, if you want to keep the .01-.02, limit tables. This would be fine, and I would make 5 of those as well. Currently at the .01-.02 limit tables the blinds are .01 and .02, and the opening raise size is .03, when it should be .02, and blinds .01 and .01. That would actually work too, so either .005 and .01 blinds, or .01 and .01, if you can't do 3 decimal points.

Could someone else comment on this too? I do not have much experience in poker, but I always believe .01-.02 should refer to small and big blinds. Is this really incorrect? Any examples?

Yes I am correct. Open a play money pokerstars table, with limit betting. 200/400 limit holdem has 100/200 blinds. etc

Also I forgot one VERY important thing

You must implement all hands to be shown at showdown. At current time, sometimes only winning hand is shown. This is to prevent teamplay/collusion, people working together. All players on table should be able to see the losing hand, at least in the "dealer chat" window.

Please don't do this.  Just because a lot of online sites do this doesn't mean it's a good idea.  If you do this in live poker, you'll get a kick in the nuts if you do it too much.  Although this rule is supposedly designed to prevent collusion, it is very rare that it actually is.  However, a lot of nits like it since they get to see what people had.
408  Bitcoin / Bitcoin Discussion / Re: Anyone know what happened to knightmb and his 371,000 BTC? on: April 30, 2011, 12:45:46 AM
https://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=564.0;attach=167

https://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=564.0

Last Active:    December 31, 2010, 12:21:02 pm

That was a whole bunch of bitcoins. MIA 4 months. Last posts were all the way from August. Wonder if he knows he has a million dollars.

371,067.36 BTC @ 2.95 = $1,094,648.71



Well, doesn't quite have $1M, since if he actually tried to sell them, he'd drive the price down to like $.25/BTC.
409  Other / Off-topic / Re: EFF Open Wireless Movement on: April 29, 2011, 08:14:42 PM
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/04/open-wireless-movement

10 bitcoins for a good yard sign, designed, printed and shipped to my home, to advertise this project and the fact that I'm participating.  I have never encrypted my wireless router, because of the reasons presented in this article, but have turned down the transceiver power to limit it's practical use to people on the sidewalk and in my actual yard.  I don't want someone to be able to wardrive and park behind my house in the alleyway and download something that would get me sideways with the police.

Let randoms use my internet and degrade my connection because maybe they will let me use theirs? LOL.
410  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 07:17:44 PM
While I am sympathetic to the voluntaryist ideology, I just don't think rational debate is possible.


Hence, "Politics is the mindkiller".

There are a lot of people who, while not necessarily being big statists, just assume that the state is necessary and do not give it another thought. I sure didn't think about it before I found myself in discussions about the state with friends. After that it was just a question of knowing more economics and history before I was convinced that the state is not a public good but a public bad.

But yes, it is hard to convince anybody, especially if they believe that they owe something to the state because it gives them free 'education' or healthcare or whatever, and think that without the state people could not afford these things. I strongly believe that this is false and that everybody would be better off if we stopped believing in violence as a means to our ends.

The biggest gap I think there is is that people think that people who hate the state don't care about poor people.  People who hate the state generally do so BECAUSE they care about the little guy.
411  Economy / Economics / Re: Bitcoin market cap on: April 29, 2011, 07:07:43 PM

the common way of calculating market cap underestimates the true size. Why? Because it is already known that 21 million coins will be issued and the expectation of the market out over the next few years is that there will be at least several more million in circulation than issued thus far. So conservatively, the market has already priced in total coin issuance to at least Jan 2013, i.e. 10.5 million coins.

Using current exchange rates BTC 1 = U$ 2.5 then current market cap is at least around U$25 million already.

No idea why you chose 10.5 million coins.  Those coins don't exist, they aren't "priced in".  If you think I'm wrong, at least try to explain why you chose that number instead of 21 million or whatever.

They are definitely priced in to some extent. Imagine what would happen if we all looked into the code and noticed that there will actually be 121M coins eventually. If that would change the current price (and it would) then future coins are influencing current prices. Otoh, it all 21M were released today it would also have an effect. So it isn't as if all coins are essentially being considered available, but they are factored in somehow.

Sure, you can find a present value of them now, I suppose.  Just picking a random date and saying "these are priced in, these are not!" is weird to me.

If those extra 100M coins weren't going to be produced for some time, then it wouldn't matter too much, but if they came tomorrow, it would be huge.
412  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 05:57:58 PM
While I am sympathetic to the voluntaryist ideology, I just don't think rational debate is possible.


Hence, "Politics is the mindkiller".

I've seen rational debate with the right people.  It may or may not be possible here, or all the time here.  But it certainly is possible.
413  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 05:25:58 PM
These debates are a waste of time.

Arguments are soldiers in political argument. Politics is the mindkiller, etc.

Kiba,

I appreciate that you are ideologically agnostic, but these debates such as these do have a purpose. As a Voluntaryist, this is one of the few methods available to me to affect change. I'll let the copypasta do the talking for me...

Quote
Voluntaryism is at once an end, a means, and an insight. It signifies the goal of an all voluntary society, one in which all interaction between individuals is based on voluntary exchange, and thus calls for the abolition of the State. Voluntaryism represents a way of achieving significant social change without resort to politics or violent revolution. Since voluntaryists recognize that government rests on mass acquiescence (the voluntaryist insight), they conclude that the only way to abolish government power is for the people at large to withdraw their cooperation. As a means, voluntaryism calls for peaceful persuasion, education, individual civil disobedience, and group nonviolent resistance to the State. Since voluntaryists see a direct connection between the means they use and the end they seek, they realize that only voluntary means can be used to attain the truly voluntary society. People cannot be coerced into being free. The very goal of an all voluntary society suggests its own means. The voluntaryist insight provides the only logical and consistent way of achieving liberty and abolishing the State.

The other interesting thing is, although the person you are arguing with rarely changes his position, people reading threads DO change their positions more.
414  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 04:43:17 PM

These debates are a waste of time.

Arguments are soldiers in political argument. Politics is the mindkiller, etc.

I disagree.  5 years ago, I was "lol anarchocapitalists'.
415  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 04:42:30 PM
Eventually it will hit a genius who will invent something to make it so it does not matter what other people think, and we can live our lives without interference.

Satoshi? Bitcoin? Smiley

I don't know enough about Satoshi to know his motivations, but it could be an example.
416  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 04:22:46 PM
But you will get states anyway. Anarcho-Capitalists have a revolution or something, and society is delivered into a perfect competition of violence.
Perhaps people will get states.  If you destroyed every church, would religion go away?  Of course not.  You need to actually convince people not to be religious for it to be meaningful.  The state is just another religion.  Can you convince enough people?  Maybe, maybe not.

Though Anarcho-Capitalists are peace loving and think everyone should avoid violence, some people out there don't give a fuck.
And if those people are in the minority, life will not be pleasant for them.  If they are in the majority, then they will get away with it.

Weeks past, bands form, after a few months or years an oligopoly of violence forms. After a few decades... a vast monopoly of violence has formed, and makes sure everyone plays nice. It is essentially a state.
Again, tear down churches, new churches will be built.  Convince people to abandon religion, and they will not.


What's the difference from this state that has arisen after an anarcho-capitalist revolution and a subsequently perfectly competitive period of violent turmoil, and the states of today? (at least in the West, many parts of the world are still dealing with unrepresentative state power)

The states today are subject to a long history of mistakes and struggles where state power went massively wrong, had to be grappled with by the people, revolutionized and laws amended, made war for and made war against... movements raised and imperialisms rolled back, workers empowered and sections given the vote... until finally today we have.... Liberal Democracy. Oh well, a long way to go yet.

And the post anarcho-revolutionary state? Well, it gets to start from scratch, starting with the rise of some guy whose second name may as well be Caesar or Charlemagne or something and ending with some guy who may as well be called Mao, or Adolf, or Nixon. All the mistakes and horrors of centuries from scratch.
Again, see above.  Yes, if people reject violence on the whole, everyone will laugh at the next Caesar or Charlemagne.  If people support violence, then of course they will return.


I say let's evolve the states and fuck Year One, I say let's not smash it all down and start again, I say modify what we have. Improve it, it's worth fighting for and that's why it exists in the first place. There will always be a State, we should take responsibility for the things instead of pretending we owe nothing to history. We're products of history, sick and demented as it is.

The Koch Brothers et al are totally happy for you to throw your hands up in frustration and devote yourself to various solipsist delusions like children that have thrown their toys from the pram. Meanwhile untold millions that have fought and died for the services that the state now render us (where it's previous concerns were only for the welfare of kings and nobles) now roll in their graves. I'm against this.


While the pragmatic belief that we cannot convince people may be true, it won't stop me from trying.  The Koch brothers, lol, like they support anarchy.  They just want *their* version of the state.

Fought and died for the services the state now render us?  If someone was stupid enough to get themselves killed so I could get a monopoly of service from someone, let them roll in their graves.  I do support those who died to *keep* a monopoly of power from interfering in our lives, though.

But you do not need to convince everyone.  You just need to convince a few people.  They can convince a few more.  Eventually it will grow, or it will not.  Eventually it will hit a genius who will invent something to make it so it does not matter what other people think, and we can live our lives without interference.

But there is no harm at all in teaching people that violence is wrong, even when its done by people with special uniforms.
417  Economy / Economics / Re: 1 BTC = 20 USD on: April 29, 2011, 03:51:46 PM
as probably the most lay person reading these forums I found that yes, paypal to morpheus was my first step into the game.  But since I was impatient a simple email to Mark at mtgox gave me the information to wire him some money and I was able to do it online in a matter of minutes.  It was incredibly easy.  The difficulty to me lies in trying to get smaller amounts of USD out of mtgox since you have to go through LR and that is somewhat of a hassle.  Unless of course you are moving sums over $800 which is easy because you can get a direct wire from mtgox. 

Having a way to automatically set up ACH transfers would be so much more useful for medium transfers.  With neteller, I gave them my routing and bank account number, they would confirm my account, and I could send money in and out super easy.

However, you are going to need to do this through a US bank, and then have to worry about all those regulations.

mtgox allows for ACH pushes, but an ACH pull would be pretty damn good to have.  My banks don't support ACH pushes, so I'm opening a new account just for this.
418  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 03:41:42 PM
While most states can rule people peacefully and with their will, occasionally states turn so bad and violent that they absolutely slaughter millions of people.  I'm willing to deal with Mad Max if it means no Pol Pots, no Stalins, no Hitlers, no Bushes, no Trumans, no Qadaffis, etc...

Agreed.  Local violence used by individuals, with their own means, is certainly less dangerous than global scale industrialised violence from States, financed with taxation.

States have used taxed money to design nuclear bombs, to do genocides and so many terrible stuffs.  In many ways, twentieth century history is much scarier than any MadMax movie.

On one hand you have states:


And it comes down to what the people are willing to accept.  If you have a culture that accepts violence, you end up with a lot of violence.  If you centralize power, it makes it that much easier to make even more violence, and harder to stop.  If people do not accept violence, then a centralized system it still is hard to stop, but at least it can be possible.  It is virtually impossible to make it very far with violence.
419  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 03:27:38 PM
Monopolies are only a bad thing in a propretarian economy, because there they often exclude people from using capital in a more efficient way than the owner of that capital.

In a non-propretarian economy monopolies can be desireable.  One example is open-source software. Too many forks can be detrimental. It's better if everyone just sticks to ONE standard.

Bitcoin too could become a monopoly, even if nobody really owns or controls the Bitcoin protocol.  IMO that would be superior to several competing block chains.



But if the main fork goes down a bad path, then forks become desirable.  If there was a critical problem in the Bitcoin protocol or an improvement to be made, a fork would be a good thing.  But no one is forced to use any individual fork, so whatever is best will tend to win out.  But sometimes there is room for forks.  See: OpenOffice.
420  Economy / Economics / Re: Anarcho-capitalism, Monopolies, Private dictatorships on: April 29, 2011, 03:12:01 PM
Well, you can have a perfect competition of violence, a kind of every man for himself situation, which will inevitably become an oligopoly of violence, warlordism basically, which would eventually may become a duopoly of violence before finally settling into a monopoly of violence.

Most people prefer at least an oligopoly of violence, because then they don't have to worry about violence as much and can get on with gazing at the stars and wondering what's out there, studying pond-life under microscopes, building and growing stuff and thinking up new ways to buy and sell things in shops or whatever.

If you want to live in a perfect competition of violence, good luck to ya. Grin



True, everybody would like to live in a peaceful society, with no gun or any kind other kind of violence.

But no at any price.  At some point if the oligopoly of violence asks too much to the people it is supposed to protect, then individuals get weapons and reorganize distribution of force.

So if we have to step towards a Mad Max or Clint Eastwood society in order to get rid of the scumbags who spoil every single inch of freedom we desire, be it.

The other thing is, the most violent gangs and criminals absolutely dwarf the level of violence that the state has been able to get away with.  Look at how many people have been outright murdered by states.  Compare that to all regular criminals in history, including gangs.  It's not even a close comparison.

While most states can rule people peacefully and with their will, occasionally states turn so bad and violent that they absolutely slaughter millions of people.  I'm willing to deal with Mad Max if it means no Pol Pots, no Stalins, no Hitlers, no Bushes, no Trumans, no Qadaffis, etc...
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