Trekking a curious path via Wikipedia, or: Wikichain.

[Gleb Gamow]

<How to fork off an antecedent post.>

Forking: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1072238.msg11486275#msg11486275

Single-piece carbon fiber bicycle frames are sometimes described as monocoques however as most use the components to form a frame structure (even if molded in a single piece), these are frames and not monocoques, and the bike industry continues to refer to them as framesets.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_frame


A penny-farthing photographed in the Škoda Auto Museum in the Czech Republic.

[Gleb Gamow]

<The fork is successful once one subsequent post directly follows the forked post, i.e., the post above and this one.>

Recent advances in metallurgy ("Air-hardening steel") have created tubing that is not adversely affected, or whose properties are even improved by high temperature welding temperatures, which has allowed both TIG & MIG welding to sideline lugged construction in all but a few high end bicycles. More expensive lugged frame bicycles have lugs which are filed by hand into fancy shapes - both for weight savings and as a sign of craftsmanship.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy


Georgius Agricola, author of De re metallica, an important early work on metal extraction

[Gleb Gamow]

<The fork is now considered a total success.>

The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopaedia Britannica.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemy


Kimiya-yi sa'ādat (The Alchemy of Happiness) – a text on Islamic philosophy and spiritual alchemy by Al-Ghazālī (1058–1111).

[Gleb Gamow]

The former is pursued by historians of the physical sciences who have examined the subject in terms of protochemistry, medicine, and charlatanism.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlatan


Hieronymous Bosch paints a scene of a Renaissance mountebank fleecing credulous gamblers.

[Gleb Gamow]

Rather, the person called a charlatan is being accused of resorting to quackery, pseudoscience, or some knowingly employed bogus means of impressing people in order to swindle his victims by selling them worthless nostrums and similar goods or services that will not deliver on the promises made for them.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_medicine


A horse drawn Bromo Seltzer wagon.

[Gleb Gamow]

The Kickapoo Indian Medicine Company became one of the largest and most successful medicine show operators.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickapoo_people


Kickapoo people building a Winter House in the town of Nacimiento Coahuila, México, 2008

[Gleb Gamow]

American leaders began to advocate the removal of the tribes to land west of the Mississippi River.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River


The beginning of the Mississippi River at Lake Itasca (2004)

[Gleb Gamow]

With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains


Oil painting of Daniel Boone escorting settlers through the Cumberland Gap

[Gleb Gamow]

The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before they were eroded.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovician


Colonization of land would have been limited to shorelines

[notbatman]

An alternate extinction hypothesis, from Melott et al. (2004), suggested that a ten-second gamma-ray burst could have destroyed the ozone layer and exposed terrestrial and marine surface-dwelling life to deadly radiation and initiated global cooling.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation


The electromagnetic spectrum

[notbatman]

Above infrared in frequency comes visible light.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light


A triangular prism dispersing a beam of white light. The longer wavelengths (red) and the shorter wavelengths (blue) get separated





NOTE:

The link from "radiation" to "visible light" disappeared while I was previewing this post however, since I clicked a link to get to the "visible light" page that now just redirects to "light" I'm going to post it.

The quote I quoted from now exists on the "electromagnetic spectrum" page that was originally linked from the "ordovician" page. "ordovician" no longer redirects "radiation" to "electromagnetic spectrum" but to a "radiation" page of its own.

Were the links edited while I typed or is it a quote from another universe WTH is going on?  

[notbatman]

[QUOTE NO LONGER AVAILABLE]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light


A cloud illuminated by sunlight






NOTE:

As the "visible light" page no longer exists and now just redirects to "light" I'm unable to copy&paste the linking quote I had just read...

[Gleb Gamow]

An alternate extinction hypothesis, from Melott et al. (2004), suggested that a ten-second gamma-ray burst could have destroyed the ozone layer and exposed terrestrial and marine surface-dwelling life to deadly radiation and initiated global cooling.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation


The electromagnetic spectrum <no links>

This includes electro-magnetic radiation such as radio waves, visible light, and x-rays, particle radiation such as α, β, and neutron radiation and acoustic radiation such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light


A triangular prism dispersing a beam of white light. The longer wavelengths (red) and the shorter wavelengths (blue) get separated


Invisible light and Light are the same Wikipedia pages regardless if linked or not.

I changed the quoted text that included "invisible light" because the one you quoted wasn't linked, albeit you expressed why you did such. I, too, lost it after I followed your steps and clicked on it. Note that once a link is clicked, the color of the linked text changes from a shade of blue to a shade of purple, thus easily overlooked due to the non-usage of underlining links.

No need to link italic text under images.

As for the images, I wanted them to be of actual footage as much as possible oppose to graphics. Although I love the Pink Floyd-esque image, the clouds would've been a better fit.

Thanks kindly, notbatman, for your efforts. You scored a 76. 

[Gleb Gamow]

A rotating cog wheel was placed in the path of the light beam as it traveled from the source, to the mirror and then returned to its origin.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear <as with "invisible light" redirects to "light", so does "cog wheel" redirects to "gear">


Bevel Gear

[Gleb Gamow]

The Antikythera mechanism is an example of a very early and intricate geared device, designed to calculate astronomical positions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism


Front panel of a 2007 reproduction

[Gleb Gamow]

The ship carrying the device also contained vases in the Rhodian style, leading to a hypothesis the device was constructed at an academy founded by the Stoic philosopher Posidonius on that Greek island.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoicism


Antisthenes, founder of the Cynic school of philosophy

[Gleb Gamow]

The active substance, which can be called Fate, or Universal Reason (Logos), is an intelligent aether or primordial fire, which acts on the passive matter:

The universe itself is god and the universal outpouring of its soul; it is this same world's guiding principle, operating in mind and reason, together with the common nature of things and the totality that embraces all existence; then the foreordained might and necessity of the future; then fire and the principle of aether; then those elements whose natural state is one of flux and transition, such as water, earth, and air; then the sun, the moon, the stars; and the universal existence in which all things are contained.
—Chrysippus, in Cicero, De Natura Deorum, i.39

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether_(classical_element)


Sir Isaac Newton

[Gleb Gamow]

Aristotle, who had been Plato's student at the Akademia, disagreed with his former mentor and added aether to the system of the classical elements of Ionian philosophy as the "fifth element".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_Academy


Ancient road to the Academy.

[Gleb Gamow]

From there, the students of an Academy-in-exile could have survived into the 9th century, long enough to facilitate an Arabic revival of the Neoplatonist commentary tradition in Baghdad, beginning with the foundation of the House of Wisdom in 832; one of the major centers of learning in the intervening period (6th to 8th centuries) was the Academy of Gundishapur in Sassanid Persia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom


Al-Idrisi's map of the world (12th). Note South is on top.

[Gleb Gamow]

Indeed, Ptolemy's Almagest was claimed as a condition for peace after a war between the Abbasids and the Byzantine Empire.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire


Byzantine lamellar armour klivanium (Kλιβάνιoν) - a predecessor of Ottoman krug mirror armour