So what it is difference between bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies?
i don't think you mean technically, do you?
if not, initially when there was bitcoin there was no other crytpo;
its first & has the biggest market cap of all cryptos those two are its most notable differences between btc & other cryptos.
why Bitcoin has become powerful among other currencies and cryptocurrencies ?
since it was the first, it's had a head start, its publicly best know, there's been more time to actually develop ways for it to be utilized, it has most demand & the biggest market.
the most common cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin , Dogecoin and litecoin
how do you define "most common"?
In fact bitcoin is increasing exponentially in volume and numbers of transactions
that is a bit overstating.
if we don't say that it will take the lead of traditional currencies
btc has a ~10 billion dollar market cap (as of today);
that is tiny compared to many markets, there are even corporations many times as big as that;
my point is btc has a long way to go before it's competing with fiats!
(i do believe this will eventually happen though!)