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最不宜居行星:表面温度4300度,分子都无法存在
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Topic: 最不宜居行星:表面温度4300度,分子都无法存在 (Read 227 times)
hui1513
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最不宜居行星:表面温度4300度,分子都无法存在
June 06, 2017, 01:59:01 PM
#1
这可能是最不宜居行星:表面温度4300度,分子都无法存在
表面温度约4300摄氏度的“KELT9b”(下)与恒星的想象图。 国际在线 图
在大家纷纷把关注的目光投向宜居行星、“第二地球”的时候,一个国际团队另辟蹊径,走了一条“丧”路线:找到了目前为止最不宜居的一颗行星:向阳一侧的表面温度高达4600K(约4300摄氏度),是目前人类发现的最热行星,比绝大多数的恒星都热。要知道,我们的太阳表面温度也只有5800K(约5500摄氏度),而最靠近太阳的水星表面温度为700K(约420度)。相关论文发表在6月5日的学术期刊《自然》上。
这颗名为KELT-9b的行星,远在650光年外。它围绕一颗名为KELT-9、表面温度介于A类(温度在7300K到10000K之间的恒星)和B类(10000K到30000K)之间的恒星公转,周期大约是1.48天。也就是说,这颗行星的“一年”仅有1.48天。
这种高温恒星周围的行星是比较难找到的。首先,科学家们很难在恒星的光谱上找到标记位点,以监测从恒星表面掠过的行星。其次,这类恒星往往转速很快,拍出来的图像会很模糊。此前,人类只发现过6颗围绕A类恒星公转的行星。在温度更高的B类恒星周围,人类尚未发现过行星。
幸运的是,这个研究团队利用布置在美国亚利桑那州和南非的KELT (Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope)望远镜捕捉到了这颗每隔1.48天掠过KELT-9的行星。恒星温度这么高,无怪行星也这么热了。从它掠过KELT-9时造成了0.1%的亮度下降判断,KELT-9b朝向恒星一面的表面温度高达4600K,比绝大部分恒星都要高。从它映在KELT-9上的光斑看,KELT-9b的大小是木星级别的。
虽然温度赛恒星,但KELT-9b接受外部热量而非内部发热,因而绝不会成为一颗恒星,看上去更像一团比较亮的余烬。“行星的向阳面是亮橙色,背阴面则是暗红色。” 项目成员、美国俄亥俄州立大学的高迪(B. Scott Gaudi)描述道。
在KELT-9b之前,人类已知的最热行星是WASP-33b。科学家们于2006年最早发现了这颗大约1.4倍木星大小的行星,它围绕表面温度7430K的恒星WASP-33公转,向阳面最高温度约为3200摄氏度。然而,根据WASP-33b受到的辐射程度来看,它的大气层可能和其他行星的大气层比较相似,也不会完全消失。
KELT-9b就不同了。它受到的辐射比WASP-33b高700倍,大气层中不太可能存在分子。事实上,在如此高强度的辐射下,这颗行星能够存在就有些匪夷所思。该研究团队猜测,它的大气层主要由金属原子构成。与此同时,KELT-9b的大气层正在不断地流失,在KELT-9的主序星阶段就将消失殆尽。该团队估计,KELT-9b每秒就流失掉1万吨物质,这样看来,它可能带着一条尾巴——就像彗星那样。
对高迪来说,这颗神奇的行星是在一种“退而求其次”的情况下被发现的。此前,他和同事们在冷一点、暗一点的恒星周围追逐主流的宜居行星,但找到的行星都早就被别人发现过了。为此,他们改变策略,往更高、更亮的地方寻找空间。
高迪希望,这项研究能吸引更多的天文学家把目光转向更亮、更热的恒星,发现更奇妙的世界。
在未来,高迪的团队想要用更高级的望远镜观察这颗“顽强”存在的行星,比如计划于2018年发射升空的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)。
Wall tao
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Re: 最不宜居行星:表面温度4300度,分子都无法存在
June 06, 2017, 02:04:03 PM
#2
厉害了啊
Arthurk01
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Re: 最不宜居行星:表面温度4300度,分子都无法存在
June 06, 2017, 02:11:59 PM
#3
吓我一跳
Arlenk
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Re: 最不宜居行星:表面温度4300度,分子都无法存在
June 06, 2017, 02:22:05 PM
#4
这不是很正常吗
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