Bitcoin Forum
September 02, 2024, 04:38:52 PM
Welcome,
Guest
. Please
login
or
register
.
News
: Latest Bitcoin Core release:
27.1
[
Torrent
]
Home
Help
Search
Login
Register
More
Bitcoin Forum
>
Local
>
中文 (Chinese)
>
离题万里
>
岳飞后背上的“尽忠报国”四字,到底是谁给他刺上的?
Pages: [
1
]
« previous topic
next topic »
Print
Author
Topic: 岳飞后背上的“尽忠报国”四字,到底是谁给他刺上的? (Read 151 times)
UsoppSogeking
(OP)
Newbie
Offline
Activity: 52
Merit: 0
岳飞后背上的“尽忠报国”四字,到底是谁给他刺上的?
June 30, 2017, 08:55:39 AM
#1
岳母刺字是流传千年,极富教育意义的故事。至今,它仍在激励着一代又一代的爱国青年前赴后继,为国为民奋勇向前。然而,岳飞背上是不是有刺字?是否为岳飞母亲所刺?直到今天仍存有分歧与疑议。关于岳飞背刺“尽忠报国”四字的事情,最早见于《宋史-何铸传》,岳飞蒙冤入狱,何铸在审讯他的时候,“飞袒而视之背,背有旧涅“尽忠报国”四大字,深入肤理。”
按宋代军制,岳飞身上有刺字是情理之事。历代封建王朝按照罪犯所犯罪行的轻重程度给以笞、杖、徒、流、死等五种惩罚。宋王朝不但沿用了五刑制度,而且创立了刺配法,并且进行了广泛应用。最早刺配只适用于死刑犯,后来流罪、徒罪也开始用刺配法。
为了使流离失所的壮年男劳力不会聚集造反,宋政府实行荒年募兵制。当兵虽然可以勉强糊口,却是份低贱的职业,一个重要的表现就是必须要在脸上刺字。在当兵的脸上刺字始于五代,这么做是为了防止新兵逃跑避服兵役。与罪犯享受同等待遇,显然是种奇耻大辱,“好铁不打钉,好男不当兵”的俗谚始于宋代。
宣和末年金人南侵,河北遍地烽烟,宋廷四下招兵买马。为保家卫国,19岁的岳飞应征入伍(岳飞祖籍河南汤阴,宋时属河北),成了一个战士。但据专家考证称,岳飞应募的是“效用士”,是负责侦察的特种兵,因此脸上没有刺字。但从《宋史-何铸传》的记载来看,岳飞后背上的刺字显然是有些时候了,否则不会“深入肤理”。但从史料记载来分析,岳飞母亲只是普通农妇,十之八九是文盲,而且刺字在宋代是专业性很强的一门手艺,不是随便一个人就能操作的事情。
关于岳母刺字的故事,元明时期还没有流传。但已经有了岳飞背上刺字的文字,明嘉靖刊本《大宋中兴演义》中,只是说岳飞在靖康间,见胡马纵横,宋兵畏怯,有绿林豪杰来请功夫高强的岳飞入山为寇。岳飞义正辞严拒绝道:“大丈夫不著名于史册,而为鼠窃狗盗,偷生于世,可乎?”。于是找了人在背上刺“尽忠报国”四个大字,“以示不从邪之意。”在演义中,岳飞后背的字是请人刺的,是为了表示与绿林盗贼划清界限。
明末,冯梦龙编撰《精忠旗》传奇中,岳飞背上的字是手下大将张宪帮他刺的。当岳飞脱了衣服露出脊背时,张宪却不忍心下手,推辞道:“怕老爷疼痛。”岳飞闻言大怒,道:“我岳飞死且不惧,怕什么疼痛!”张宪这才狠心动手。刺了字用墨涅毕,张宪问起原因:“老爷固然立志报国,何苦忍此疼痛?”岳飞斩钉截铁道:“如今为臣子者,都则面前媚主,背后忘君,我今刻此四字于背上呵,唤醒那忘主背君的,要他回顾。”很显然,这是冯梦龙在借岳飞之口针砭时弊,抨击明末贪生怕死的降清官员。
直到清康熙五十三年(1714)《如是观传奇》的抄本中,才出现了岳母刺字的情节。其第九出中有岳母唱词云:“起来,我将‘精忠报国’刺入你皮肤了。你当日夜牢记,念君奋力把胡酋退,念亲及早把捷书寄”。在这里,岳飞背上的刺字已经讹传为“精忠报国”了。另一个关于岳母刺字的记载是刊行于清光绪丁酉年(1897)的《唐门岳氏宗谱》,书中云:“飞至孝,靖康初,始见高宗。母涅其背曰‘尽忠保国’。既而飞留妻养母,从高宗渡河。”在岳飞后人的家谱中,“尽忠报国”成了“尽忠保国”。
岳母刺字故事的定型,应该是清初钱彩《说岳全传》第二十二回“刺精忠岳母训子”。书中对此事有着绘声绘色地描述:岳飞“将衣服脱下半边。安人取笔,先在岳飞背上正脊之中写了‘精忠报国’四字,然后将绣花针拿在手中,在他背上一刺,只见岳飞的肉一耸,安人道:‘我儿痛么?’岳飞道:‘母亲刺也不曾刺,怎么问孩儿痛不痛?’安人流泪道:‘我儿!你恐怕作娘的手软,故说不痛。’就咬着牙根而刺。刺完,将醋墨涂上了,使永远不退色的了。”岳母刺字的事情是真是假无足轻重,重要的是,岳飞“尽忠报国”的爱国主义精神永不褪色。
jixiaozhao
Full Member
Offline
Activity: 224
Merit: 100
Re: 岳飞后背上的“尽忠报国”四字,到底是谁给他刺上的?
June 30, 2017, 10:28:58 AM
#2
长知识了
Pages: [
1
]
Print
Bitcoin Forum
>
Local
>
中文 (Chinese)
>
离题万里
>
岳飞后背上的“尽忠报国”四字,到底是谁给他刺上的?
« previous topic
next topic »
Jump to:
Please select a destination:
-----------------------------
Bitcoin
-----------------------------
=> Bitcoin Discussion
===> Legal
===> Press
===> Meetups
===> Important Announcements
=> Development & Technical Discussion
===> Wallet software
=====> Electrum
=====> Bitcoin Wallet for Android
=====> BitcoinJ
=====> Armory
=====> Mycelium
=====> Hardware wallets
=> Mining
===> Mining support
===> Pools
===> Mining software (miners)
===> Hardware
=====> Group buys
===> Mining speculation
=> Bitcoin Technical Support
=> Project Development
-----------------------------
Economy
-----------------------------
=> Economics
===> Speculation
=> Marketplace
===> Goods
=====> Computer hardware
=====> Digital goods
=======> Invites & Accounts
=====> Collectibles
===> Services
===> Currency exchange
===> Gambling
=====> Games and rounds
=====> Investor-based games
=====> Gambling discussion
===> Lending
=====> Long-term offers
===> Securities
===> Auctions
===> Service Announcements
=====> Micro Earnings
===> Service Discussion
=====> Web Wallets
=====> Exchanges
=> Trading Discussion
===> Scam Accusations
===> Reputation
-----------------------------
Other
-----------------------------
=> Meta
===> New forum software
===> Bitcoin Wiki
=> Politics & Society
=> Beginners & Help
=> Off-topic
=> Serious discussion
===> Ivory Tower
=> Archival
===> Корзина
===> CPU/GPU Bitcoin mining hardware
===> Chinese students
===> Obsolete (buying)
===> Obsolete (selling)
===> MultiBit
-----------------------------
Alternate cryptocurrencies
-----------------------------
=> Altcoin Discussion
=> Announcements (Altcoins)
===> Tokens (Altcoins)
=> Mining (Altcoins)
===> Pools (Altcoins)
=> Marketplace (Altcoins)
===> Service Announcements (Altcoins)
===> Service Discussion (Altcoins)
===> Bounties (Altcoins)
=> Speculation (Altcoins)
-----------------------------
Local
-----------------------------
=> العربية (Arabic)
===> العملات البديلة (Altcoins)
=====> النقاشات
===> إستفسارات و أسئلة المبتدئين
===> التعدين
===> النقاشات الأخرى
===> منصات التبادل
=> Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)
===> Marketplace (Bahasa Indonesia)
===> Mining (Bahasa Indonesia)
===> Altcoins (Bahasa Indonesia)
===> Trading dan Spekulasi
===> Ekonomi, Politik, dan Budaya
===> Topik Lainnya
=> Español (Spanish)
===> Mercado y Economía
=====> Servicios
=====> Trading y especulación
===> Hardware y Minería
===> Esquina Libre
===> Mercadillo
=====> Mexico
=====> Argentina
=====> España
=====> Centroamerica y Caribe
===> Primeros pasos y ayuda
===> Altcoins (criptomonedas alternativas)
=====> Minería de altcoins
=====> Servicios
=====> Tokens (Español)
=> 中文 (Chinese)
===> 跳蚤市场
===> 山寨币
===> 媒体
===> 挖矿
===> 离题万里
=> Hrvatski (Croatian)
===> Trgovina
===> Altcoins (Hrvatski)
=====> Announcements (Hrvatski)
===> Off-topic (Hrvatski)
=> Deutsch (German)
===> Anfänger und Hilfe
===> Mining (Deutsch)
===> Trading und Spekulation
===> Projektentwicklung
===> Off-Topic (Deutsch)
===> Treffen
===> Presse
===> Altcoins (Deutsch)
=====> Announcements (Deutsch)
===> Marktplatz
=====> Auktionen
=====> Suche
=====> Biete
=> Ελληνικά (Greek)
===> Αγορά
===> Mining Discussion (Ελληνικά)
===> Altcoins (Ελληνικά)
=====> Altcoin Announcements (Ελληνικά)
=====> Altcoin Mining (Ελληνικά)
=> עברית (Hebrew)
=> Français
===> Actualité et News
===> Débutants
===> Discussions générales et utilisation du Bitcoin
===> Mining et Hardware
===> Économie et spéculation
===> Place de marché
=====> Échanges
=====> Produits et services
=====> Petites annonces
===> Le Bitcoin et la loi
===> Wiki, documentation et traduction
===> Développement et technique
===> Vos sites et projets
===> Hors-sujet
===> Altcoins (Français)
=====> Annonces
=> India
===> Mining (India)
===> Marketplace (India)
===> Regional Languages (India)
===> Press & News from India
===> Alt Coins (India)
===> Buyer/ Seller Reputations (India)
===> Off-Topic (India)
=> Italiano (Italian)
===> Guide (Italiano)
===> Progetti
===> Discussioni avanzate e sviluppo
===> Trading, analisi e speculazione
===> Mercato
=====> Mercato valute
=====> Beni
=====> Servizi
=====> Esercizi commerciali
=====> Hardware/Mining (Italiano)
=====> Gambling (Italiano)
===> Accuse scam/truffe
===> Mining (Italiano)
===> Alt-Currencies (Italiano)
=====> Annunci
===> Raduni/Meeting (Italiano)
===> Crittografia e decentralizzazione
===> Off-Topic (Italiano)
=> 日本語 (Japanese)
===> アルトコイン
=> Nederlands (Dutch)
===> Markt
===> Gokken/lotterijen
===> Mining (Nederlands)
===> Beurzen
===> Alt Coins (Nederlands)
===> Off-topic (Nederlands)
===> Meetings (Nederlands)
=> Nigeria (Naija)
===> Politics and society (Naija)
===> Off-topic (Naija)
=> 한국어 (Korean)
===> 대체코인 Alt Coins (한국어)
=> Pilipinas
===> Altcoins (Pilipinas)
=====> Altcoin Announcements (Pilipinas)
===> Pamilihan
===> Others (Pilipinas)
=> Polski
===> Tablica ogłoszeń
===> Alternatywne kryptowaluty
=====> Nowe kryptowaluty i tokeny
=====> Tablica ogłoszeń (altcoiny)
=> Português (Portuguese)
===> Primeiros Passos (Iniciantes)
===> Economia & Mercado
===> Mineração em Geral
===> Desenvolvimento & Discussões Técnicas
===> Criptomoedas Alternativas
===> Brasil
===> Portugal
=> Русский (Russian)
===> Новички
===> Бизнес
=====> Барахолка
=====> Обменники
===> Идеи
===> Кодеры
===> Майнеры
===> Политика
===> Трейдеры
===> Альтернативные криптовалюты
=====> Токены
=====> Бayнти и aиpдpoпы
===> Хайпы
===> Работа
===> Разное
===> Oбcyждeниe Bitcoin
=====> Новости
=====> Юристы
=> Română (Romanian)
===> Anunturi importante
===> Offtopic
===> Market
=====> Discutii Servicii
===> Minerit
===> Tutoriale
===> Bine ai venit!
===> Presa
===> Altcoins (Monede Alternative)
=====> Anunturi Monede Alternative
=> Skandinavisk
=> Türkçe (Turkish)
===> Bitcoin Haberleri
===> Pazar Alanı
===> Madencilik
===> Ekonomi
===> Servisler
=====> Fonlar
===> Proje Geliştirme
===> Alternatif Kripto-Paralar
=====> Madencilik (Alternatif Kripto-Paralar)
=====> Duyurular (Alternatif Kripto-Paralar)
===> Konu Dışı
===> Yeni Başlayanlar & Yardım
===> Buluşmalar
=> Other languages/locations
Loading...