You don't send bitcoins to a public key, you "send" it to an address.
Please give me one example of a private key generating multiple different public keys.
Are you maybe talking about a compressed and uncompressed addresses?
After rereading his post, it comes to me that he might talk about the addresses he sees in a (HD) wallet. There you usually have one priv key, and a set of derived pubkeys.
Seeing that the post is from a fairly new member, giving him direction to bitcoin.org is surely the right way.
@blackhat988 - in short:
the addresses and wallets are effectivly representations of the data, so we as humans can easily grasp the idea and use case. A wallet is then a combination of only priv/pub keys. You need these keys to do transactions. Transactions have inputs and outputs, from which you can spend. The input usually came to you via a bitcoin address, that you once provided. The output is generated by your wallet software with the target address. When the transaction is confirmed, it is saved in the blockchain.
And as Bob123 replied, each transaction detail can be seen, e.g. on blockchain.info, you can search for your address or your transaction number. This helps to clarify, along with bitcoin.org.