You can take a look at the following website to see what the ideal transaction fees are at the time you're sending the transaction;
https://bitcoinfees.earn.com/Currently 420sat/b are recommended, bitcoin fees don't actually go up, the competition increases, thus meaning only the highest fee transactions are prioritized by the miners, given that only a limited number of transactions fit in the next block.
OP is asking about how the transaction fee can be lower down not about the ideal transaction fee now, you are stating the ideal transaction fee for quick confirmation generally within 30 min, 420 sat/byte is quite high not a low fee.
What drives to the price of fee to increase?
Increased demand and so the increased transactions per second while the block size is the same, this is the reason why fee is increased. And due to this miners have prioritized the transaction according to the fee.