You need one of the following:
- Access the the original wallet.dat file which is hopefully not corrupted beyond recovery
- Access to a good, uncorrupted backup copy of the original wallet.dat file
- The private keys from the original wallet.dat file
It is the private keys that allow you the ability to access bitcoins that are sent to an address. Those private keys are hidden in the wallet.dat file, so even if it is corrupted it is possible that the private keys aren't damaged and can still be recovered. If you can get the private keys, then you can import those private keys into a new wallet, and the wallet will use those private keys to regenerate the associated addresses for you. If you don't have (can't get) the private keys, then there is nothing you can do to access any bitcoins that are sent to any of those addresses.