Perfect question but too general anyway I would love to see more detailed answers.
Well coming back to your question(s)....
It all started with a big bangBy big bang I mean
Genesis block and this is the start of any blockchian and block reward of 50 BTC was generated. It is a special case where it does not reference a previous block. From this all the bitcoins generated are through mining process. Have a look on this first block#0 (Genesis Block) of bitcoin
Transaction volume is zero and Fee is also zero, because there is no Bitcoin to pay the fee or to make a transaction, but output total is 50 BTC. Are you getting this?
So answer to your your 4th question "initial deposits", no it does not work like this. All the bitcoins are generated through mining process only.
Before going forward please tell me your not confusing
1. Creating a new coin
2. Create a fork (e.g. BCH is a fork of Bitcoin)
and
3. Creating a new PoS (Proof of stake) coin
4. Creating tokens
Now running a bitcoind and mining, its another subject and I'm not good at it. Would love to see the answers from the experts,
Satoshi Makamoto are you listing?Now if you want to create a fork to a coin let say Bitcoin (a true fork like BCH), remember in a fork, you are just creating another chain with different set of rules (both chains are valid just going in different directions now). Basics of a coin remains the same for example Block Reward, Total number of coins did not change but block time, block size etc. were changed.
I hope you got some idea, I will suggest research yourself little more and decide if you want to create a fork or new coin? PoW coin or PoS coin? Then come back with the issues or questions you are facing that will be to the point and it will be more easy to answer then.