If you’re really worried that your balance is gone, check the/an adress which previously (or probably still in this case) was used to store your funds in a blockexplorer like
https://BTC.com, and see if it’s still there.
The reason that you don’t see any balance on your other PC with the same wallet is probably because it hasn’t synced far enough yet (The wallet doesn’t yet know which UTXO belongs to you),or the data that IS available is corrupted, as you say yourself.
I’m not entirely sure what the issue could be here, but it probably won’t hurt to make a backup of your wallet.dat (the file that holds all the keys), and reinstall/resync core completely on your new/other computer (without moving all the other data, since there might be something wrong with it, corrupt etc as i said above)
Edit: I see you just mentioned your PC is pretty full. How full exactly? Without pruning you’ll need atleast 150GB for core to function correctly.
See
https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/features/requirements