This is not possible.
In order to access the system files, you need to have root access. Trying to access the system files without rooting is impossible even you are using ADB you can't access these folders because it still requires the mobile phone to be rooted.
It is possible.
It is correct that you need a rooted device to access
all information on your mobile or to access information
from a different context.
But.. as i have mentioned,
IF the application allows to be run in debug mode, you can enter the user context of this specific application via adb.
Then, you can access all data
from its context (meaning all data stored by this particular application).
This can be done with the adb command:
run-asApplication developer can disable the option to be run in debug-mode.
And in fact, security orientated applications should do that, but a lot of those still allow to be run in debug mode.