My question is, what would be the effect of Bitcoin upon the sovereign nation state ?
Stefan Molyneaux convered this quite well. Whatever you think about Stefan's other stuff, he pretty much nailed it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joITmEr4SjYGovernment gets to exert its will because of its ability to create money out of thin air. This is essentially massive wealth confiscation. To given one of Stefan's examples...
You remember that the US Dollar used to be backed by gold? Gold is a fixed supply store of value, and when the US dollar was backed by gold, it was also, to a first approximation at least, a fixed supply store of value. In order to create more dollars, the central bank needed more gold. Gold has obvious parallels with Bitcoin.
The amount of gold in the world (mined) is approximately 170,000 tonnes. If we looked at the cost of the America's wars on Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan, they have costed approximately $3 trillion. That equates to approximately 75,000 tonnes of gold. If the US government had had to ensure it had an additional supply of gold equal to 44% of the world's supply, do you think they would have been able to afford the war? No, obviously not. The alternative would be that every single household could be asked to pay $30,000 to fund the wars. Does this seem likely to be accepted? No, obviously not.
Bitcoin has the capacity to dramatically reduce the spending power of the state. Even if you're an ardent statist, the inevitability of the economics should tell you that we are heading towards a global financial apocalypse precisely because governments and central banks control the money supply.