Bitcoin Forum
November 13, 2024, 05:56:48 PM *
News: Check out the artwork 1Dq created to commemorate this forum's 15th anniversary
 
   Home   Help Search Login Register More  
Pages: [1] 2 3 4 5 »  All
  Print  
Author Topic: Bitcoin as a socially fair currency  (Read 4341 times)
Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 10:08:54 AM
 #1

Of the world's over 7 billion people, how many can today afford or even practically buy bitcoins? Not many percentage wise. And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.

So how is that fair? It isn't. Because the opportunity to buy early is very lopsidedly distributed in society.

What about in the future? Let's say that a fraction of a percent of the world's population become very wealthy by having bought bitcoins early. The price of one bitcoin has become extremely high. Would that be a fair monetary system? Could be! Cheesy Why? Price/performance is progressing exponentially for information technology, and as Ray Kurzweil has pointed out, even material goods are becoming information technology.

This means that within a few decades people will be able to 3D print a Big Mac for free. And a decade after that, a flying Ferrari can be 3D printed for free. And then how many bitcoins you own will not matter that much. Ha ha.
azguard
Legendary
*
Offline Offline

Activity: 1484
Merit: 1001


Crypto-News.net: News from Crypto World


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 10:19:56 AM
 #2

Take this for example, yes there are more people that dont know what btc is. But in time all will addopt this ass payment.
More and more places in world are accepting btc ass payment in real life time (a mean some restaurant in some countries that are accepting btc).

Further more are are some bit companies that are involved in this for example Microsoft and Dell, in decade there will be more.

This currency is in my opinion like the internet when was adopted for us mortal users so I think that btc will have the same fate.

Maybe in 10 year or so we will have btc credit and debit card.



              ▄▄▄██████▄▄▄
          ▄██████████████████▄
       ▄████████████████████████▄
 ▄▄  ▄████████████████████████████▄
███████████████████████████████████▄
 ▀▀█████████████████████████████████▄
   ██████████████████████████████████
   ██████████████████████████████████
   ██████████████████████████████████
   ██████████████████████████████████
   ▀████████████████████████████████▀
    ▀██████████████████████████████▀
     ▀▀██████████████████████████▀
        ▀██████████████████████▀
           ▀▀▀████████████▀▀▀
.
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....





Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 10:45:03 AM
 #3

Take this for example, yes there are more people that dont know what btc is. But in time all will addopt this ass payment.
More and more places in world are accepting btc ass payment in real life time (a mean some restaurant in some countries that are accepting btc).

Further more are are some bit companies that are involved in this for example Microsoft and Dell, in decade there will be more.

This currency is in my opinion like the internet when was adopted for us mortal users so I think that btc will have the same fate.

Maybe in 10 year or so we will have btc credit and debit card.

Bitcoin debit cards could happen even sooner than in 10 years I think. And bitcoin may lead to less uneven distribution of wealth than fiat currencies. And true free market bitcoin economies can lead to great progress. And in the long run it will lead to a socially fair society (because of exponential progress of technology).

So an uneven distribution of bitcoin wealth may be socially acceptable. And perhaps even necessary.
truehold3r
Member
**
Offline Offline

Activity: 70
Merit: 10


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 12:02:24 PM
 #4

And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.


I think that the percent of the people who doesn't know anything about bitcoins is much more high, about 95%.

♬-♬-♬-♬ ★ ☆ ★ ☆ Earn up to 0.05 btc/week by posting in the LTB forum!!! ☆ ★ ☆ ★ ♬-♬-♬-♬ --------->
<--------- LTB coin now traded on Poloniex!!!
Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 12:29:59 PM
 #5

And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.


I think that the percent of the people who doesn't know anything about bitcoins is much more high, about 95%.

For the entire world, that figure may be correct, I don't know. That would mean that we are still in the innovators phase in the diffusion of innovations curve:



"Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures. Everett Rogers, a professor of communication studies, popularized the theory in his book Diffusion of Innovations; the book was first published in 1962, and is now in its fifth edition (2003).[1] Rogers argues that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the participants in a social system." -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations

If bitcoin becomes mainstream, will that be socially fair? Maybe not in the short term, but on the other hand bitcoin can lead to great improvement in social progress in the long run. Plus if bitcoin becomes too disproportionally distributed, some other cryptocurrency may become more popular. So it's a fair competitive game at least.
noel57
Sr. Member
****
Offline Offline

Activity: 392
Merit: 250



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 12:48:45 PM
 #6

 Bitcoin is growing at a very high rate and i believe its awareness haven gotten to continents as far as Africa means a greater percentage of the world is probably make use of Bitcoin in their day to day exchanges.

Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 12:58:36 PM
 #7

Bitcoin is growing at a very high rate and i believe its awareness haven gotten to continents as far as Africa means a greater percentage of the world is probably make use of Bitcoin in their day to day exchanges.

From February this year:

"So that means an absolute maximum of around 2.5 million people own bitcoins right now." -- https://bitscan.com/bitnews/item/how-many-people-really-own-bitcoins-and-why-does-it-matter

This means the innovators phase in the diffusion of innovations curve. Very early stage! But yeah, the growth rate of bitcoin may be accelerating quickly. It will be interesting to follow the development in the near future. And to see how the social fairness part plays a role.
LongIslandCoin
Newbie
*
Offline Offline

Activity: 13
Merit: 0


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 01:21:42 PM
 #8

The main problem right now is that the 'average' person doesn't understand Bitcoins, or cryptocurrency as a whole at all. If is hard to accept something you don't properly understand. The media frenzy that happened recently didn't inform the public enough on the function of Bitcoins and how they can be important, they just published stories about Silk Road or about how the value of Bitcoin hit an all time high. In my opinion this is the issue. People need to be informed more.
niothor
Hero Member
*****
Offline Offline

Activity: 826
Merit: 501


in defi we trust


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 01:56:36 PM
 #9

Of the world's over 7 billion people, how many can today afford or even practically buy bitcoins? Not many percentage wise. And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.

So how is that fair? It isn't. Because the opportunity to buy early is very lopsidedly distributed in society.

What about in the future? Let's say that a fraction of a percent of the world's population become very wealthy by having bought bitcoins early. The price of one bitcoin has become extremely high. Would that be a fair monetary system? Could be! Cheesy Why? Price/performance is progressing exponentially for information technology, and as Ray Kurzweil has pointed out, even material goods are becoming information technology.

This means that within a few decades people will be able to 3D print a Big Mac for free. And a decade after that, a flying Ferrari can be 3D printed for free. And then how many bitcoins you own will not matter that much. Ha ha.

Yesterday , today and tomorrow and probably in 10 years people will still be able to purchase 100$ worth of bitcoins.
They will purchase indeed less bitcoin but still people will be able to purchase them.

As for the part with printing a Ferrari , you will still need the materials for it , it's not just plugin in the printer put a few papers in the feeder and there goes your Ferrari.


             ▄          ▄▄▄▄    ▄
            ███      ▄██████▀  ▀█▀
            ███     ▄██▀
            ███     ███        ▄█▄   ▄█▄ ▄█████▄▄         ▄▄██████▄      ▄█▄ ▄█████▄▄         ▄▄█████▄▄        ▄▄█████▄▄
    ▄▄▄▄▄▄  ███     ███        ███   ██████▀▀▀▀███▄     ▄███▀▀▀▀▀███▄    ██████▀▀▀▀███▄     ▄███▀▀▀▀▀███▄    ▄███▀▀▀▀▀███▄
  ▄████████▄███  ▄█████████▄   ███   ████▀      ▀███   ▄██▀       ▀██▄   ████▀      ▀███   ▄██▀       ▀█▀   ▄██▀       ▀██▄
▄███▀    ▀█████   ▀▀███▀▀▀▀    ███   ███         ███   ███         ███   ███         ███   ███              ███████████████
███   ▄▄   ▀███     ███        ███   ███         ███   ███         ███   ███         ███   ███              ███▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
███   ▀▀   ▄███     ███        ███   ███         ███   ███         ███   ███         ███   ███         ▄    ███         ▄
▀███▄    ▄█████     ███        ███   ███         ███    ███▄▄   ▄▄████   ███         ███    ███▄▄    ▄███    ███▄▄   ▄▄███
  ▀████████▀███     ███        ███   ███         ███     ▀████████▀███   ███         ███     ▀█████████▀      ▀█████████▀
    ▀▀▀▀▀▀   ▀       ▀          ▀     ▀           ▀         ▀▀▀▀▀   ▀     ▀           ▀         ▀▀▀▀▀            ▀▀▀▀▀

       ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
   ▄▄▀▀       ▀▀▄▄
  █               █ ▄
 █   █▀▄ ▀█▀ ▀█▀   █ ▀▄
 █   █▀▄  █   █    █  ▀▄
  █  ▀▀   ▀   ▀   █    █
▄▀ ▄▄           ▄▀    ▄▀
 ▀▀  ▀▀▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▀▀      ▀▄
        ▀▄▄      ▄▄▀▀▄▄▀
           ▀▀▀▀▀▀

                      ▄▄▄
  ▄█▄              ▄███████▄
  ▀████▄▄         ██████▀██████▀
    ▀▀▀████▄▄     ███████████▀
    ▀██▄███████▄▄███████████
     ▄▄▄▀██████████████████
      ▀████████████████████
▀█▄▄     ▀████████████████
  ▀████████████████▀█████
    ▀████████████▀▄▄███▀
       ▀▀██████████▀▀
           ▀▀▀▀▀

               ▄▄   ▄▄
              ▄▀ ▀▀█  █
             ▄▀     ▀▀
         ▄▄▄▄█▄
     ▄█▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀█▄
 ▄▀▄▀              ▀▄▀▄
█  █   ▄█▄    ▄█▄   █  █
 ▀█    ▀█▀    ▀█▀    █▀
  █                  █
   █   ▀▄      ▄▀   █
    ▀▄   ▀▀▀▀▀▀   ▄▀
      ▀▀▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▀▀
New Age of DEFI
A Non-Code Platform for
Decentralized Trading Instruments

   ▄▄███████████████▄▄
 ▄█████████████████████▄
▄██████████████▀▀███████▄
████████████▀▀    ███████
█████████▀▀   ▄   ███████
██████▀▀     █    ███████
████▀       █     ███████
█████▄▄   ▄█      ███████
████████ ██▄      ███████
▀████████ ▀▄███▄▄███████▀
 ▀█████████████████████▀
   ▀▀███████████████▀▀

     ▄              ▄
   ▄███▄          ▄███▄
   █████▄  ▄▄▄▄  ▄█████
  ▄████████████████████▄
 ▄██████████████████████▄
 ████████████████████████
██████▀▀          ▀▀██████
█████▀   ▄      ▄   ▀█████
 ████   ███    ███   ████
  ████   ▀      ▀   ████
   ▀████▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄████▀
     ▀▀████████████▀▀

   ▄▄████████████████▄▄
 ▄█████▀▀▀██████▀▀▀█████▄
▄████▀  ▀▀▀    ▀▀▀  ▀████▄
████▀                ▀████
███▀                  ▀███
███       ▄    ▄       ███
██▀      ███  ███      ▀██
██       ▀█▀  ▀█▀       ██
██▄     ▄        ▄     ▄██
▀██▄     ▀▀▄▄▄▄▀▀     ███▀
 ▀███▄▄▄▄▄▄████▄▄▄▄▄▄███▀
   ▀▀████████████████▀▀
Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 02:09:12 PM
 #10

Of the world's over 7 billion people, how many can today afford or even practically buy bitcoins? Not many percentage wise. And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.

So how is that fair? It isn't. Because the opportunity to buy early is very lopsidedly distributed in society.

What about in the future? Let's say that a fraction of a percent of the world's population become very wealthy by having bought bitcoins early. The price of one bitcoin has become extremely high. Would that be a fair monetary system? Could be! Cheesy Why? Price/performance is progressing exponentially for information technology, and as Ray Kurzweil has pointed out, even material goods are becoming information technology.

This means that within a few decades people will be able to 3D print a Big Mac for free. And a decade after that, a flying Ferrari can be 3D printed for free. And then how many bitcoins you own will not matter that much. Ha ha.

Yesterday , today and tomorrow and probably in 10 years people will still be able to purchase 100$ worth of bitcoins.
They will purchase indeed less bitcoin but still people will be able to purchase them.

As for the part with printing a Ferrari , you will still need the materials for it , it's not just plugin in the printer put a few papers in the feeder and there goes your Ferrari.


Nanobots will be able to automatically extract raw materials from waste products. Ultimate recycling. I think a $0 Ferrari will become a reality.

The ownership of bitcoins could become disproportionally distributed. With a few bitcoin zillionaires, some billionaires and 95% of the population with very few bitcoins. My point is that such lopsided distribution may still be socially ok, since it could generate a very efficient bitcoin economy. And in the long run everybody will be wealthy because of the exponential progress of technology. And competing cryptocurrencies will prevent bitcoin from becoming too unfair.
Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 02:14:02 PM
 #11

The main problem right now is that the 'average' person doesn't understand Bitcoins, or cryptocurrency as a whole at all. If is hard to accept something you don't properly understand. The media frenzy that happened recently didn't inform the public enough on the function of Bitcoins and how they can be important, they just published stories about Silk Road or about how the value of Bitcoin hit an all time high. In my opinion this is the issue. People need to be informed more.

Yes, the social aspect of bitcoin is tricky since most people haven't even a basic understanding of bitcoin. I myself feel frustrated because I haven't grasped or 'grokked' bitcoin yet. It's still a mystery to me what will happen with bitcoin. So I want to investigate bitcoin from a broad perspective including the social implications long term.
arbitrage001
Legendary
*
Offline Offline

Activity: 1067
Merit: 1000


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 02:16:53 PM
 #12

Of the world's over 7 billion people, how many can today afford or even practically buy bitcoins? Not many percentage wise. And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.

So how is that fair? It isn't. Because the opportunity to buy early is very lopsidedly distributed in society.

What about in the future? Let's say that a fraction of a percent of the world's population become very wealthy by having bought bitcoins early. The price of one bitcoin has become extremely high. Would that be a fair monetary system? Could be! Cheesy Why? Price/performance is progressing exponentially for information technology, and as Ray Kurzweil has pointed out, even material goods are becoming information technology.

This means that within a few decades people will be able to 3D print a Big Mac for free. And a decade after that, a flying Ferrari can be 3D printed for free. And then how many bitcoins you own will not matter that much. Ha ha.

I don't really see what point you are trying to make here.

Are you saying bitcoin is not fair because most people do not know what it is and hence not able to invest in it?
Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 02:34:48 PM
 #13

Of the world's over 7 billion people, how many can today afford or even practically buy bitcoins? Not many percentage wise. And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.

So how is that fair? It isn't. Because the opportunity to buy early is very lopsidedly distributed in society.

What about in the future? Let's say that a fraction of a percent of the world's population become very wealthy by having bought bitcoins early. The price of one bitcoin has become extremely high. Would that be a fair monetary system? Could be! Cheesy Why? Price/performance is progressing exponentially for information technology, and as Ray Kurzweil has pointed out, even material goods are becoming information technology.

This means that within a few decades people will be able to 3D print a Big Mac for free. And a decade after that, a flying Ferrari can be 3D printed for free. And then how many bitcoins you own will not matter that much. Ha ha.

I don't really see what point you are trying to make here.

Are you saying bitcoin is not fair because most people do not know what it is and hence not able to invest in it?

Yes! It can be seen as unfair that in a time where we have entered the information age, that a severely disproportional distribution of bitcoins becomes a reality just because most people have been excluded from early investments. At the same time, if bitcoin had been launched with some kind of model for even distribution it would likely have failed miserably. So I think the bitcoin model, with deflation and all that, has been the correct approach.

What I'm wondering now is if bitcoin is socially fair enough to become mainstream. And I think it may be fair enough! Sure, there is a risk of a very disproportional distribution of bitcoins, but at the same time bitcoin has to compete with all the other cryptocurrencies and fiat money. So there is a chance that bitcoin becomes a mainstream currency in a socially acceptable way.
odolvlobo
Legendary
*
Offline Offline

Activity: 4494
Merit: 3417



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 04:56:15 PM
 #14

Anyone that wants to own bitcoins can own them. You cannot get any more fair than that. The fact that some people have more bitcoins than others has very little to do with the fairness of Bitcoin.

On a related topic, don't you think it is unfair that you are wealthier than 90% of the people in the world? What did you do to deserve that? What are you going to do to make it fair?


Join an anti-signature campaign: Click ignore on the members of signature campaigns.
PGP Fingerprint: 6B6BC26599EC24EF7E29A405EAF050539D0B2925 Signing address: 13GAVJo8YaAuenj6keiEykwxWUZ7jMoSLt
cr1776
Legendary
*
Offline Offline

Activity: 4214
Merit: 1313


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 05:14:05 PM
 #15

...because most people have been excluded from early investments...

Just to be clear, no one was "excluded from early investments".  Bitcoin has been open to everyone since it launched.  Just like investing in Intel in the 1970s-1980s would've paid off.  Or Google in the early 2000s, or Apple in the 1990s or 1980s.  Or IBM in the 1930s etc. 

As far as "investments" goes, it seems like only during the last year or so have many people been calling buying and using the currency an "investment". 

:-)
RodeoX
Legendary
*
Offline Offline

Activity: 3066
Merit: 1147


The revolution will be monetized!


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 05:26:46 PM
 #16

Of the world's over 7 billion people, how many can today afford or even practically buy bitcoins? Not many percentage wise. And someone said that 70% of the U.S. population today don't even know what bitcoin is.
anyone with a penny can buy and use bitcoin. The price is completely irrelevant. If you own one dollar, you can buy one dollars worth of bitcoin. Same as when they were $0.06.
Quote

So how is that fair? It isn't. Because the opportunity to buy early is very lopsidedly distributed in society.

Early adoption of any successful enterprise is more profitable. That is just the way it works. The internet, stocks, start-ups. All favor early adoption. Those in early also take on much greater risk. It was not at all clear that bitcoin would work out and if their money had been lost would you be willing to share your money to cover their losses?
Quote
What about in the future? Let's say that a fraction of a percent of the world's population become very wealthy by having bought bitcoins early. The price of one bitcoin has become extremely high. Would that be a fair monetary system? Could be! Cheesy Why? Price/performance is progressing exponentially for information technology, and as Ray Kurzweil has pointed out, even material goods are becoming information technology.

This means that within a few decades people will be able to 3D print a Big Mac for free. And a decade after that, a flying Ferrari can be 3D printed for free. And then how many bitcoins you own will not matter that much. Ha ha.
Except that you will not be able to print for free. Things cost money and you will buy the software to print your hamburger then buy the stock material used to print it. Perhaps you will buy that stuff with bitcoin?

The gospel according to Satoshi - https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
Free bitcoin in ? - Stay tuned for this years Bitcoin hunt!
Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 06:37:38 PM
 #17

anyone with a penny can buy and use bitcoin. The price is completely irrelevant. If you own one dollar, you can buy one dollars worth of bitcoin. Same as when they were $0.06.
A too disproportional distribution of bitcoins may prevent a success on a mainstream scale. The bitcoin price can become very high without much use for ordinary transactions. Then bitcoin will remain largely an investment vehicle rather than being a general currency. That may be ok too if some other cryptocurrency can replace things like fiat credit/debit card payments. What I'm curious about is if bitcoin can become a general currency.

Quote

Early adoption of any successful enterprise is more profitable. That is just the way it works. The internet, stocks, start-ups. All favor early adoption. Those in early also take on much greater risk. It was not at all clear that bitcoin would work out and if their money had been lost would you be willing to share your money to cover their losses?

But will bitcoin become successful in terms of mainstream adoption? Bitcoin is already a huge success, as a proof of concept, not yet as a general currency able to replace fiat currencies. I wonder what will happen. It feels like a 50/50 chance that bitcoin will reach mainstream adoption. I think even big investors today sitting on trillions of dollars and zero bitcoins may be reluctant to invest in bitcoin because they have missed the innovators phase and don't want to make those who own bitcoins today become wealthier than themselves. So the big players may be planning to use another cryptocurrency to invest in.

Quote
Except that you will not be able to print for free. Things cost money and you will buy the software to print your hamburger then buy the stock material used to print it. Perhaps you will buy that stuff with bitcoin?

The point Ray Kurzweil has made is that even material things will become information technology with the price going down to zero. This will happen within just a few decades from now. In the near future things will of course cost money. It's not until perhaps in the 2030s when the price will significantly go down. But that's very soon, historically speaking. Check out "technological singularity".
TimeWatch
Member
**
Offline Offline

Activity: 83
Merit: 10


View Profile
August 21, 2014, 06:41:43 PM
 #18

Bitcoin can be future, but not everyone in this world has access to internet. Even today, many people rely on real physical cash, not online payments like paypal, payza, skrill etc. So it will take lot of time, probably 10 years.
Anders (OP)
Full Member
***
Offline Offline

Activity: 126
Merit: 100



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 06:46:46 PM
 #19

its only unfair if you expect everyone who uses it to become rich by just owning some, but thats not what currencies do

The deflationary nature of bitcoin may make the price rise a lot if many big investors will start buying bitcoins. If the big investors compete. They (the big whales) could manipulate the price, so it's not a guarantee that the price will rise a lot. If there will be a huge interest in bitcoin then the sheer mass of investments will likely make the bitcoin price to skyrocket.

Investments are fair, but what may happen is that the really big investors don't want those who own bitcoins today to become more wealthy than themselves.
odolvlobo
Legendary
*
Offline Offline

Activity: 4494
Merit: 3417



View Profile
August 21, 2014, 06:56:29 PM
 #20

anyone with a penny can buy and use bitcoin. The price is completely irrelevant. If you own one dollar, you can buy one dollars worth of bitcoin. Same as when they were $0.06.
A too disproportional distribution of bitcoins may prevent a success on a mainstream scale. The bitcoin price can become very high without much use for ordinary transactions. Then bitcoin will remain largely an investment vehicle rather than being a general currency. That may be ok too if some other cryptocurrency can replace things like fiat credit/debit card payments. What I'm curious about is if bitcoin can become a general currency.

It will be a long time before 1 satoshi becomes too valuable for use in an ordinary transaction. Anyway, in order to get there, bitcoin will have to have gone mainstream already.

At some point, the rise in the value of bitcoin will diminish and it will no longer be useful as an investment.

Join an anti-signature campaign: Click ignore on the members of signature campaigns.
PGP Fingerprint: 6B6BC26599EC24EF7E29A405EAF050539D0B2925 Signing address: 13GAVJo8YaAuenj6keiEykwxWUZ7jMoSLt
Pages: [1] 2 3 4 5 »  All
  Print  
 
Jump to:  

Powered by MySQL Powered by PHP Powered by SMF 1.1.19 | SMF © 2006-2009, Simple Machines Valid XHTML 1.0! Valid CSS!