Anyway, I'm wondering how this corruption happened.
You have bad hardware: either SSD, SATA controller or DRAM memory.
Go get a Bittorrent client and download a bunch of multi-gigabyte files, maybe even the Bitcoin torrent. After download force the recheck of downloaded files multiple times in your Bittorrent client.
If you are moderately knowledgeable Windows user download some big files from Microsoft (e.g. Windows evaluation disk images) and multiple times verify SHA1 checksums that Microsoft supplies.
I'm betting on bad SSD, Bitcoin-Core uses write-ahead-logging databases that are pessimal case for SSD usage: lots of very short writes and no reads of the written logging data, which causes humongous write amplification.
Is any other database engine working correctly on your machine, e.g. MS-SQL or Oracle?