Damn foxpup....I just appologized and edited my previous threads to tone them down....then I saw your latest post. Guess I need to reply....
Don't you think that any discussion on the subject would be more meaningful if you knew even the slightest thing about it?
The thread title is
Quantum Computers isn't it? Didn't notice cryptography in the title.
Entanglement is where two particles are known to have complimentary states, to preserve the symmetry, thus if a particle is observed to be in one state, the state of the other particle is immediately known, even if it cannot be observed, and there is no way for information about the first particle's state to be transmitted to the second particle. Spooky. This behaviour exists in classical physics, too: take a coin, slice it in half so that you have a head-half and a tail-half, put the coins in separate envelopes, and mail them to two different people. Whoever opens his envelope and discovers that he has the head-half instantly knows that the other person must have got the tail-half, even if the other person hasn't opened his envelope yet, and even if the envelopes were mailed in opposite directions at the speed of light, so there's no possible way that either party could know about the other envelope. But that's not as spooky.
Appears like you either copied and paste this from another site or you quickly read up on it. But basically this is correct. Your envelope example however is wrong. Einstein used a similar analogy (Left and Right gloves) but was found to be wrong in later experiments with his example. Here is a good 15 minute video explaining entanglement and proving Einstein was wrong with glove theory.
http://youtu.be/ZNedBrG9E90If you did type this on your own then I would say you have a fairly decent knowledge.
There are only 2 states of a qubit. It can exist in a superposition of both states, but when it is observed, it will be found to be in one state or the other, with no way to predict which (though the probability can be known).
Wrong...qubits can be in any unlimited number of states (they spin). Your back to talking quantum entanglement or the "Observed state." (Left or right). Magnets have two states (N & S)
Any way this is getting old....
Night!