This web page: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Private_key states that private keys can have values between 0x1 and 0xFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFE BAAE DCE6 AF48 A03B BFD2 5E8C D036 4140. That is a lot of numbers that cannot be used. Small compared to the total count, but still many values. But not the question I have. Nothing in the article mentions enforcement of this restriction. It's really small, where the chance to generate key outside the range is roughly 3.7344E-39. (2^256 - 0xFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFE BAAE DCE6 AF48 A03B BFD2 5E8C D036 4140)/(2^256)
Why does this limit exist?
I don't know why, but you probably have to read ECDSA paper/documentation to find the reason. How is it enforced?
Decent wallet software will check whether generated private key is in the range. |
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I'm prepared to buy NVME M.2 SATA (can be 1-10 GB/s write and read) and prepared that SSD as an external hard disk to run the bitcoin core outside my laptop I think that's a waste of money. The NVMe is very fast, but won't be able to use that performance if it's connected through USB. theoretically, i read you can transfer up to 2GB/sec through usb via nvme. so it's not exactly slow. but yeah you have to have usb 3.2. OP mention old laptop, so it's unlikely his laptop has USB 3.2. Additionally, both parts (laptop and ssd external case) need to support USB 3.2. SSDs have a finite lifespan, the bits can only flip a certain number of times before they stop working.
yeah but if you go by TBW rating, your computer will be obselete before any of that becomes an issue. Additionally, Bitcoin Core have very low write amount compared with other full node software[1]. I have had both SSDs and spinning drives die. A lot also depends on the environment, a spinning drive in a sever in a data center with proper cooling and power with very few on - off cycles is probably going to last far longer then an SSD in your kids laptop.
far longer? any data to back that up?  I don't know about the SSD lifespan. But at very least, proper cooling increase data retention on SSD[2]. --snip--
but with the chainstate directory on HDD, starting up Bitcoin Core takes significantly longer.
On my experience, the startup only took 1-2 minutes until Bitcoin Core window (which show tab "Overview", "Send", etc.) appear.
[1] https://blog.lopp.net/2021-bitcoin-node-performance-tests-2/, section "Disk Resource Usage". [2] https://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/Alvin_Cox%20%5bCompatibility%20Mode%5d_0.pdf, page 27. |
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I also prefer 2nd one (13/12/11px), it could be handy when reading in-depth/long discussion. Although i agree people could just use zoom in on their browser or use browser setting/addons to override font size manually. But is there any other way for users to enable font sizes for quoted posts and their comments if they want too? Instead of making changes in the whole forum?
Either by using add-ons or custom script to modify the CSS (which added on either addons such as Tampermonkey or Violentmonkey). |
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Regardless of whether ChipMixer is a honeypot or not, the fact remains you'd have to be out of your mind to be using them in Q4 2022. Um.. why? Because a good chunk of coins they've received for at least a couple years now have been from illicit sources.  In other words, less than 10% illicit funds is sent to mixer. IMO 4th image of Chainalysis blog is less-biased representative about source of money received by mixer.  Source : https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/crypto-mixer-criminal-volume-2022/And i would recommend people to read "The 2022 Crypto Crime Report" which can be found at https://go.chainalysis.com/2022-crypto-crime-report.html to get bigger picture about how criminal laundry their money. One interesting thing is DeFi become popular in 2021. |
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I heard the news that bitcoin is most close to receiving 500 GB size hard disk data, so I am just confused if a newbie or beginner tries to start download bitcoin, how much minimum hard disk he must buy and prepare?
My personal recommendation is at least 1TB storage to ancipate blockchain size growth. how many blockchains are there until bitcoin is mined?, is possible 10 terabytes?,
There's no upper size limit of blockchain size. Is the default hard disk still good to use, or move to SSD?
HDD is good enough based on my experience if you either, 1. Move chainstate directory to SSD and add symbolic link. 2. Set Bitcoin Core to use >=4 GB RAM so most file on chainstate directory is loaded into RAM. Moreover. You are going to help the Bitcoin network by running a Full Node. You will gather block information, but you will also provide others yours. This is how the Decentralized Peer to Peer thingy works. A pruned node can also propagate the latest blocks to other nodes (which means you'll upload a lot less). To be precise, pruned node share latest 288 blocks no matter how much latest block is stored. |
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What do you guys think about this?
Do you think that if all other centralized platforms launch their POR, trust can really return to the centralized system of cryptocurrencies?
At very least, people can verify they hold more coin than coin belongs to the customer. People still need to trust the exchange to give them their money when they request withdraw. |
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--snip--
Governments haven't banned no log VPNs from being used yet, and I think that would likely be the area to look into if they wanted to prevent illegal activity since they'd want to have access to that data ideally, even though I still wouldn't agree with that.
Government don't have to make no log VPN illegal when they could send secret subpoena. Answer me this question: if it was a honeypot, why do exchange hackers that use it to mix always get away with it? Seriously, I haven't read once a case of a person who used ChipMixer properly and got caught. Reasonably, if it was indeed owned by the feds, we'd see them getting caught, and in fact it has happened before numerously; mixers that were honeypots went out of business, because the people that needed them the most got screwed.
It's possible the one who run the honeypot is either still looking for much bigger target or waiting for "right moment" to take action against all criminal. Although personally i find possibility of ChipMixer being honeypot is rather low. |
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Possible plagiarism with paraphrasing. Take note both copy and source is on same thread. User: Pakhi11Copy:
The seed process contains symbols that are a local variable. As a result you should, with the seed 32 bytes
Note that this function should not be given too much importance. So the foundation should not be laid.
Variables and function functions are unlikely to be identical,
Equivalent random is used implicitly. And 2 its use for personal successful benefits is most noted. For that byte, it's better to use public CKEY for analogy. Actually we use public CKEY Acc and HASH to identify the vector.
is
Source: No, the seed is not a public key. It is 32 bytes of random data. Bitcoin Core's (legacy) wallet stores this as a private key because it is convenient. Neither the compressedness nor the public key are used when computing the master private key, only the 32 bytes of random "private key" data is used.
Note that not all variable and function names necessarily match their actual behavior. seed is a local variable that contains an identifier for the seed itself. As it is also a local variable and is destroyed after this function completes, so don't read too much into its naming. We use pubkeys and their hash160 (CKeyID) as identifiers for the actual private data. Notice how it does AddKeyPubKey. This adds a key, along with its public key as an identifier, to the database. The actual seed is used in DeriveNewChildKey. There, the local variable seed is a CKey, and the data for the seed itself is loaded into that CKey by GetKey. Then that CKey is set as the seed for a CExtKey which represents BIP 32 extended private keys.
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I'm asking since i don't live on NY, have you done some research about those research? For example, how big is the operational/advertising overhead? |
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ETFbitcoin,
The only issue I find with P2Pool right now is that in its current state it can't accept shares when mining from any of the newer miners.
That might be because P2Pool (for Bitcoin) haven't been updated since late 2018. Now if all fairness I do like the P2Pool concept but with only a single developer Jtoomim which has added a ton but seems to have dropped the project as far as I can see this just doesn't look promising.
Single developer Jtoomim? Which P2Pool you checked? For reference, i meant https://github.com/p2pool/p2pool where the main contributor is forrestv. |
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--snip--
Thank you for your advise on purchasing copper member rank. In the end I also did not use the merit as I got promoted to be jr member, I could post thread and able to post images. FYI, you need 1 (one) merit and some activity to reach Jr. Member. So if coldice didn't give you any merit, your account would remain at Newbie position. |
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This could be a kiddy stuff for most but what do you think?
It could be fun topic for casual discussion. But honestly i'll just refer to this answer https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/83891 when people talking about possible meaning/source of "Satoshi Nakamoto" in Japanese. Since the episodes are on Youtube, is it possible that the subtitles are just wrong?
Doesn't youtube ban pirated content (whether it's hollywood movie, western tv show or anime) these days? Without checking the video, i expect the video comes from legal channel/uploader which should have accurate subtitle. |
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Again assume that worldwide resources, network and hardware are not a hinderance to the projects success.
Care to share your thoughts?
Rather than creating something new and unique, i'd rather improve P2Pool[1]. A quick reminder, P2Pool is decentralized Bitcoin mining pool where people don't need to afraid pool will steal their money or use the hashrate for unethical usage (such as 51% attack or censoring certain transaction). Unfortunately Bitcoin miner doesn't seem to be interested with P2Pool, probably due to requirement of running full node. But P2Pool manage to found it's place on Monero community[2] where the pool has about 7% global Monero hashrate. [1] [ https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/P2Pool[2] https://p2pool.io |
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I did quick test with AppImage and using double quote seems to solve the problem. $ ./electrum-4.3.2-x86_64.AppImage restore --offline -w wallet_3 "bc1qjhp55vytnyhagfvecz4alf090pdgpjeuf6lz36 3KbaSDf8T8SawvQtofqy1Pk6KdugNbyCF7 3CBDis55qYMsyUoAx6JdqXpsNskqMRaFRU"
{
"msg": "This wallet was restored offline. It may contain more addresses than displayed. Start a daemon and use load_wallet to sync its history.",
"path": "/home/user/Downloads/wallet_3"
}
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Pruned node make small contribution by broadcast latest 288 blocks and relay unconfirmed transaction. Personally i'd say pruned node is less helpful.
Some people that want to run a node may see downloading the full blockchain to be discouraging, better than not, they might just use pruning. Running pruned node also require you to download whole blockchain. Although it's different case if you use copy of pruned node such as https://prunednode.today/ where some trust is needed. If up to 10 gigabyte of data is needed monthly for recent new mined blocks and transactions, won't the prune node need it too?
Correct. Which means it will start having the blockchain right from where the pruning started?
No, pruned node only store recent block based on your setting and limitation of full node software you use. For example, Bitcoin Core only let you store recent block ranging from 550MB to 99GB. |
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Private keys are what allow you to spend bitcoin. It is randomly generated with an encryption algorithm called SHA256. Basically, it’s a long string that is so long and random, there are enough private keys available for everyone millions of times over.
There are few major error, 1. Private key usually is generated with secure random number generator. Some people refer it as CSPRNG/CRNG. 2. SHA-256 is hashing algorithm, not encryption algorithm. P2PKH is a type of address called a "legacy address" because it’s oldest Bitcoin address. It’s larger (more bits) than the newer address types (P2WPKH or Bech32) so miner fees cost more but it’s accepted by everyone on the Bitcoin network.
FYI, the oldest address type is P2PK (Pay to Public Key). |
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Why would mixer use TLS certificate issued by "Google Trust Services LLC"? While google have great technical capability, they have poor privacy history. So, it is not a free mixing service. Right?
Correct, you can't choose "none" option on their website. Although it's unusual user only can choose 4 different fee option since some mixer show slider where user can choose their own fee (within specific range). |
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Side note, but depending on your install / configuration people running with 500GB drives are now starting to hit the storage wall.
But since some HDD company use base 10 while computer use base 2, the actual size of 500GB HDD (5*10^11 byte) should be about 465GB. Size of blocks directory on my HDD already reached 466GB, so node operator who use 500GB should already upgrade their storage or shutdown their node until they make upgrade. Running a full node helps others start theirs. Running a node (full or pruned) helps the network be more safe and robust. Bitcoin is a "cloud" and each node is a part of it. If a node fails the others take the load, so the more nodes the better for everyone.
pruning does not help by not having the blockchain you are not helping the blockchain Pruned node make small contribution by broadcast latest 288 blocks and relay unconfirmed transaction. Personally i'd say pruned node is less helpful. |
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