First welcome to the crypto space, it is one big, advanced and innovative ecosystem where a lot takes place such trading, investing, participating in public fundraising of new projects, being a developer and so on, therefore before getting started with the crypto space you will need to understand where your power or capacity lies. Don't just say you want to know about trading and the technical indicators for trading, you first need to learn about trading as a whole of which it cover everything even the question asked; if you know about technical indicators but lacks the requisite knowledge about trading you will end up making more mistakes.
Also, in the process of learning about technical indicators and trading you might even find investing and holding for long term more attractive. So no matter where you get yourself involved with, put in more efforts and you will make the most out of it.

On one hand we might say it is a harmless message also you never can tell the motive behind such, that is, what if the plan was already in place to create such and what was needed as just that right moment. Moreover, one can hardly get involved in something that won't benefit him.
Also, on the other hand, he has already created that environment of tweeting something and the crypto community will pick it up to their own advantage, it start with Doge thus once something of like manner comes up from him, people leverages it and make money out of it, all these lead to the Meme shitcoins season.
Lastly, everything point to hype, and nothing more and today no one is remembering the Floki token again, the aim has been achieved and people have moved on; if he tweets another again, don't be surprised another token will pop up again, rise high and then crash like the others.

I even see this in another way, that is, in a more beneficial angle. That is, when people finds it hard going out to their businesses because of Covid-19 pandemic, they will most likely get involved with cryptocurrencies as that will give them the opportunity to also earn while at home. Also, in the case of some of the businesses like food as you mentioned, the owner of the business can go for home delivery services, and even go for acceptance of cryptocurrencies of his choice, such that, when orders are placed and paid with crypto, the food or whatever can be delivered to the person. This will save the business owner from running out of business, create jobs for dispatchers at the same time, save the customer the stress of going out and reducing the spread of the Covid-19.
Therefore in other words, cryptocurrencies will open up new ways for people if they give it that chance, so there is no risk at all but it however reduces the risks since all transactions are done online.

Hackers and scammers will always look for ways to get users, and the approach they use most times is the greed nature of humans, that is, they know that once some people see such tokens in their wallets, the first step would be to know where it is trading and possible ways to swap it without knowing that, it was planned and once they take the step to swap such tokens, their wallets will be hacked. To make matters worst, most times some of these mobile wallets will display an unrealistic price of the token which is always very high, thus increasing the urge for the person to sell.
Lastly, on the creation of most wallets now, once a transaction is done on such wallet, maybe receiving a token from another wallet, some of these scam tokens will be sent almost immediately.
So, it means we have to be very careful of the tokens we swap, and most importantly do not swap tokens you have no idea of. Don't bother sending them out or interacting with them most especially since it's a scam token just hide the tokens from your displaying in your wallet, or you can create a new wallet and move out all your tokens.

Market movement is very important to know when getting involved with the crypto space, although most times one can hardly predict such movements. Also atimes, long term holders buys at market price since it is long term they are aiming for, but for a newbie or a beginner, before even knowing about market movement, knowing how to research a project should be the first target, because even with having a good idea of market movement but no idea of potential projects to invest in, the person will end up buying coins or tokens with no potential value, unless it is Bitcoin or other top coins.
Therefore I would suggest, knowing what is involved when researching on a new coin first, after that monitor the market to know when to buy.

I think that miners also have a role to play in all these, and hence the reason Ethereum team are trying their best to ensure all these issues like gas fee and speed are taken care of in the next upgrade.
However, every upgrade done by a team on their platform have a specific function or reason for that upgrade, some might be strictly for security, some for speed, some for more user-friendly interface and so on, in the case of Ethereum, the London hard fork was done in order to reduce the circulating supply of ETH, hence in every transaction ETH coin is burnt; thus it can be seen that the London hard fork have no business with gas fees but we should wait for the ETH 2.0.
Also, the last time this fees was this high was months ago, during the bull run, that is, the more the ETH price increases, the more the value of gas fees increases, nevertheless the team have understood that more growth of Ethereum blockchain depends on their ability to solve this issue.

I don't think there is will be stability even with the mass adoption, because the more you sell, the more others buys and the more people fud or government news spread, the more the market dumps, seriously a lot of things affects the crypto market and that is just the nature. For a long time now, it has been believed that crypto is highly volatile and it hasn't changed from that.
Remember as times goes on, as each day passes more coins enter the market, some exit scam and some only keeps dumping and so on, all these also affects the crypto market, hackers are also on the other side doing theirs, thus contributing to an unstable market. My own opinion is, get into good coins which can survive in the midst of all these, and at the end you will be glad you did.

Staking a coin doesn't give apy, it is the platform you are staking on that gives the apy and this is why most people prefers some staking platforms over others. Also, nowadays, staking can be done easily and within a stipulated time set aside by the staking platform, and most today do not last for 6 months or 1 year unless it is the token of the staking platform you are earning, that is, in a platform like pancakeswap, you can stake your CAKE token  to also earn CAKE for as long as you want, but for other tokens, you stake CAKE and unstake anytime or stake and leave it till the end of the pool then you unstake.
Staking is a good idea owing to the fact it offers or provides a means to earn passive income, while still holding your tokens for long term. However, owing to the lucrative nature of it, to enjoy staking you need to stake a good amount of the staking platform token, therefore the higher you stake, the more you earn.

This is very true, a lot of people are lucky with shitcoins and a lot are not as well, and the hard part of it is that, a lot will tend to follow the approach of the one who is lucky with shitcoins and some might even end up investing huge thinking same scenario with the other person will play out, but that is not always the case.
Also, there are people who have made good gains from good coins, and that is those who bought and held for a log time and they were duly rewarded.
Another striking thing about those who tend to follow the path of the guy who is lucky with shitcoins is, some of them ends up holding shitcoins in their wallet, thinking it will play out like Dogecoin without knowing that the team have already moved on their funds.
Therefore in as much as we are following others success stories, let us endeavour to know when to draw the line, there are many opportunities here, all it takes is time and consistent efforts.

With the skyrocketing of Doge coin as a Meme coin, many developers started creating theirs hence the reason many where created with even more supply you can imagine, well according to some people it is easier to pump. But however, we need no one to tell or explain to us what a shitcoin is and what it's not, anyone trying to paint a better picture of what shitcoins is all about is probably trying to shill or hype the project to people.
Also, whether large supply or not, there have been many projects with less supply which are still shitcoins, so in a way, shitcoins is not only about coins with very high supply but coins with no use case, no tangible thing from the team other than shilling in different social media channels and so on.
A coin like SOL doesn't needs shilling or hype from the team, what it offers and what the team are capable of doing is enough to create the right hype.

One can say in a way, it is not the fault of Ethereum blockchain for the gas fees to skyrocket like that, Ethereum is housing a lot of projects and DApp, so in a way it is expected, and which is why the team are trying their best to solve that issue hence making their blockchain more scalable.
BSC network is growing and if it maintains the growth, it will get to a point the gas fees will start increasing, and same with Polygon, now when such happens, will it mean the two blockchains are not worth it again, I don't think so, what will be needed at that point is more implementation and improvements.
Lastly, Ethereum price is increasing hence it is most likely to reflect on the gas fees as well, all these, shows the signs of a growing blockchain which is good, because if it is not growing it will be neglected. Moreover, when ETH takes care of the high gas fees, I wonder what most blockchains will do, because it will outgrow them even more.

That is true, one need to be sure of his investment tactics and know that, what works for a person might hardly work for you, maybe it could be the person is always ready for long term holding, so I think it's very important to have your own strategy than following that of others, although you can still take a clue from them.
Secondly, holders should learn a very important thing which is, not all coins are good for long term and vice versa, some are only good for short term while some good for long term, so let no one be carried away by what the team are saying and leaves his coins for long term while the signs are there it's already for short term.
Talking about long term, a lot of project developers might come with good features and all that, along the line lost it, thus one need to be sure the team are ready to offer or better still know when to change strategy if things are not working as anticipated.

Your points about Bitcoin are valid and actually true, Bitcoin has grown to be the best cryptocurrency today because it solves the issues limiting people to carryout various transactions easy, cheap and fast, unlike going to the financial institutions where you will wait for hours, with Bitcoin a payment can be done easily from your own comfort place.
Secondly, I don't think and have not buy the idea that Bitcoin will one day shift or replace conventional currencies (that is fiat), the world government will not even buy into the idea.
Thirdly it is my own understanding that Bitcoin will fill in the gaps or lapses created by fiat monetary system, it will work alongside with fiat to make payments easy and fast, it will solve the issues which has limited a lot of people to access certain financial services freely without any intermediaries, and the list continues.

Sometimes it is good to be realistic and don't allow hype to overshadow your judgement especially in this crypto space where a lot of people are all for themselves, even the person hyping Dogecoin have an interest and that is to make more which will benefit him. Dogecoin hardly offers anything good which can make its price spike to $1 before the year ends. Moreover it seems Elon Musk's Influence on Dogecoin is decreasing and everyone knows it is his tweets that creates fomo and if that Influence keeps going down, then Dogecoin will find it hard growing; it's already happening.
Also, the trend has shifted to NFTs this will further reduce the attention on Dogecoin, thus I don't buy into all these predictions.

To be sincere, both are very good in what they offers and thus I think it might be hard pointing out which is better or not, also to add, both are still developing their ecosystem thus still have a long way to go.
But currently Solana is already making huge moves which has seen the price create another ATH, not only that, Solana have a way of supporting good projects on its blockchain such that the more they grow and develop, the more Solana grows as well, hence one of the reasons that a growth in Solana pulls other coins along.
Polygon is also making huge impact but Solana seems to be a bit ahead of it, Polygon can also be seen to be contending with Binance Smart Chain since some projects are already migrating to it, therefore the more projects migrates to it, the more it grows.
However, if I am to choose one from them, I would go for Solana.

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Currently, deflationary tokens don't move investors again or rightly put, it is no longer a feature which investors would see and invest in a token, although there might be few exemptions. From a good point of view, deflationary feature makes a token scares and once a token is getting scares it is meant to have more value, but over time most project team banks on this, create tokens with no use case, announce token burn, pump the price and then dump it.
Also, some projects have developed a way wherein on every transaction, a certain amount of token is burnt, but as usual, it only works if and only few the project in question have something valuable to offer.
Therefore in my opinion, don't invest in a token because it is a deflationary token, you end up losing at the end, but invest in a token because of the use case and because you have carried out your due diligence.

4/5 years is really a long term plan and I understand your point because if this plan is carried out with the right coins and tokens, it will be worth it.
I will start with SOL, SOL is the coin from SOLANA blockchain and from the current growth of the ecosystem so far, it can be seen that the coin offers a lot as well as having an attractive ecosystem such that, its growth leads to the growth of other tokens launched on it, thus currently happening now. Thus I would say, SOL till have a long way to go and since the team have shown good attention towards their ecosystem, it means the coin is a good long term coin.
Secondly would be ADA, the reason is, once the smart contracts goes live, and is attractive enough the its potential will increase and this will lead to more value of ADA, thus enriching long term holders since projects might be find it easy launching on their blockchain.
Lastly, you might want to look at CAKE. CAKE is the token of pancakeswap and one of the features which makes it outstanding is their staking feature whereby many coins and tokens have been listed and earned by CAKE holders, therefore in addition to holding CAKE, you can also be earning.

This is quite sad and disappointing but that's the truth of it only that exchange can help you and no body else. You made a mistake, before sending any coin you need to be sure of the network you are selecting most especially with many networks now which supports USDT, you ought to cross-check properly to be sure you are on the right one.
As said earlier the only people that will help is exmarket support, you have to contact them again and tell them you can pay a certain fee for their troubles, no one is above mistake though, mind your approach towards the issues and I hope they listen and help you out.
Yes it's possible to recover but might not be all though since the exchange might charge you, but it all falls on them to agree to help you.

They are not called whales for no reason, and where some will be calm with the market others might be brutal thus manipulation of different forms, some pull down the market only to buy low and pumps it again to be in massive profits. That is actually the reason why most times, you need to be careful of the way you follow most newer projects with that idea of pump and dump, in fact investing in crypto demands you use funds you can afford because everyone is after their own profit.
Also, this manipulation of a thing, affects coins in different ways, and how good the coin is, will determine how the long term holding will be, that is, coins like Bitcoin and Ethereum have many whales, they can shake off weak hands to get profits but since they are good coins holding long term always favours. So in other words, being a whale sort of gives power to Influence the market.