To start with, in my own opinion, Bitcoin do not have any competitors, it is just the best and there is nothing that any coin or project can do about it than trying to be useful themselves in order to keep growing. Ethereum is not a Bitcoin competitor let alone a project which is yet compete with a lot of tougher projects in the crypto space. To be frank I am just hearing about it today, and just like you pointed out, that in order to be ahead of the game, the team needs to bring in something unique and innovative and not the usual copying of other project's ideas.
If the Chia project team want to be useful to their community as well as to the crypto space, they need to offer an outstanding project first, be on good exchanges and continually working on their products and services in order to have a better chance of beating most projects; this is just how the crypto space works and which is why only few projects stays and those who can't handle the challenges dies even though they might have had good ideas.
This also brings us to the this scenario; which is, having a good idea is one step, making it to work is the second step, improving/updating it is the third step, and being able to market it efficiently to larger audience is another; at least with these a team can be on the right track while withstanding challenges.

A tough question indeed but looking at Bitcoin, it has grown quite a lot and many people who missed that opportunity of acquiring more Bitcoin will go for it through altcoins hence the reason more money is moving out of Bitcoin into altcoins and the more the Bitcoin dominance drops, the more altcoins grows further leading to altcoin season.
In addition, in the aspect of Bitcoin growth, I believe there is still more room for growth because it looks like institutional investors are not done with it, as they keeps buying. However, if I am to suggest, if you have the means to enter altcoins without selling much of Bitcoin then you can give it a shot, go for potential altcoins get the profit and buy back more Bitcoin.

This is a big problem and no one might know actually what happened or how the victims played around or uses their wallets, that is, which website did they connect their wallet and so on, because nowadays a lot of projects are coming up with airdrops in which one of the requirements or steps is connecting wallet to the website, wherein it might be hard to tell which is genuine or which have scam intentions.
In a bid to add, it is wise to have a separate wallet where you can connect to any random website all in a bid to participate in their airdrop, that is if you are an airdrop kind of person. Secondly, it is also wise to have more than one wallet where you can store your assets, at least splitting assets in more than one wallet looks more secure. And lastly, do not save personal information like private keys on your phone.

I think Ethereum growth is long over due because owing to its high gas fees, it looks like a lot of projects found BSC network to be better, but as Ethereum has been trying to solve this issue with gas fees amongst other developments spiked the growth and once all is set, we will most likely see another ATH for Ethereum.
In the same way, there is no way to know how far Ethereum will get to; looking at Bitcoin a lot of people never believed it will get to such price thus selling at different lower prices but today Bitcoin has proved a lot of people wrong, same can be likened to Ethereum taking into account it's the second best coin.
In addition, knowing that the market can not be predicted one might tend to always be on the safer side, hence one might sell a little bag at a certain price and leave the rest.
Lastly, in my own opinion, Ethereum look sustainable most especially with the progress made so far on the gas fee, this will then go a long way in bringing many projects back because everyone knows how solid the Ethereum smart contracts is.

Since they are long term gems, I do not think there is any need to set stop loss for them reason being that, you are not really sure of the price you will want to sell, that is, let's say you didn't set stop loss and have a price in mind, and the coin reaches that price and you later realized that there are more room for growth, you will be forced to adjust to another time frame. Taking BNB as example explains this a lot, assuming you set a stop loss for it and it triggers while BNB pumps to such height you will not really find it funny.
Hence my own opinion is, if you have a long term gems you believe in, there is no need setting stop loss, just have a price in mind and stick with it, when it gets to the price you can decide to either sell or shift it again depending on how the development of the platform is and how serious the team are.
Moreover, long term bags are always kept in private wallets to be sure of your security other than exchanges, and being in private wallet there is or will be no need for stop loss, hence being in agreement with what I suggested earlier.

Every transaction taking place in the crypto space goes with or takes a fee or gas fee to work, without which the transaction won't work, hence the reason why you are facing that issue. One of the ways out of this issue is to buy more Ethereum which will cover for gas fees or reduce what you are trading, so that part of it can cover for gas fees if possible.
Another way is to trade it to another coin probably a coin with lesser withdrawal fee like XLM, i do not use Coinbase so I don't know much about their trading coins or withdrawal charges.
Also, if there is USDT withdrawal through Tron that is (USDT TRC-20), then try withdrawing through that way, it comes with lesser fee. Try knowing more about the coins you wish to buy before doing so, it helps a lot most especially now you that are new.

For a long time now, I have known Latoken to be a terrible exchange and have even read many bad reviews about them as well as bad trading experiences, so I am kind of surprised you are even trading there, well projects are still listing there. As for Cointiger, although I didn't experienced delay in deposit and withdrawal but the fake volume and bots were another thing altogether. So in essence, I have stopped trading there and for so long nothing has taken me to these exchanges when there are better exchanges to trade on. Also, I do not take any project which list on those exchanges seriously because a team that values their project as well looking towards long term will channel their energy into listing on better exchanges that will push forward the neccessary growth and attract the right attention.

To the best of my knowledge, the crypto space moves with trend, last year it was more of DeFi and now gradually it has entered NFT which of course is gradually booming as well, to even make it more interesting, Binance CEO once announced their stand on NFT and how they are going to tap into it now it is somehow in an early stage. Therefore, having an NFT marketplace means you can buy someone's NFT as well as selling yours. In addition, since there exists a marketplace for it, that also means there is every tendency to make profit and also loss as those are the attributes of a marketplace.
Nevertheless, now NFT is becoming the next trend, make sure you make enough research about it before buying or selling because as usual, scammers will always pop up.

I don't know much about this project and tipping someone to help you doesn't guarantee that you will get to exchange or trade your MNE. I think the best way to go about this is to visit the project's telegram group or any of their active social media accounts and ask questions about where it is trading.
Also, if you are finding it hard to withdraw then, in the same way, the best thing is to ask the team on what the issue is and possible solutions. The truth is, only the team can answer your questions correctly as well as suggesting what you can do with your token, that is, if there is staking and so on.
So get started by visiting their telegram group as not all tokens starts trading immediately on top exchanges, some start from smaller exchanges before going bigger.

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The pandemic really put a lot of people to various challenges which were all in terms of money because bills needs to be paid, but for those in the crypto space, cryptocurrencies paved way for everyone in various dimensions as people who are good in trading took it more serious, airdrops, bounty and so on, so in all terms and ramifications, one can say that crypto really helped out in one way or the other during the worst days of the pandemic.
In the same way, new people also learnt more about crypto, it's potentials and all, in one way, this can also be said to add to the growth of the crypto space. At least now, a lot of people now knows that crypto has come to stay and will only keep getting interesting.

For a long time now, many coins have challenged Ethereum in whatever way they can, some will say they will offer more transactions speed, others will say they will ensure their is low gas fees and so on, but yet, Ethereum still remains the best smart contracts platform, and still growing. Yes, the gas fees on Ethereum is high, but from all indications we can see that the team are already working on it. However, there is also no doubt that ADA is one of the top coin in the crypto market with a good team and nice use case, but we should know that, in as much as ADA team are working on their platform to make it more attractive, in the same way, the Ethereum team are working on theirs to make it more scalable.
Hence, in my own opinion, no coin can overtake Ethereum as it stands because the team and developers are ever ready to improve and more improvements leads to more growth.

Apart from speed of transactions as well as cheap gas fees, I believe one or rather the most important attribute which will make BNB valuable for long term is the utility it offers or its use case. Because when you talk of low gas fee and speed, many coins out there have it such as XRP, Tron, XLM etc, but yet you can't compare their growth with that of BNB, thus confirming the fact that being valuable is based on use case.
Therefore, the more the team keeps trying to improve on their products and services, the more the BNB coin will continue to grow in value.
Lastly, the CEO is ever active to drive the needed attention to their exchange, in this way bringing in more investors.

In as much as we can't trust centralized exchanges but what choice do we have when most top coins or good coins are listed there. At least we can trust some centralized exchanges to offer a good trading platform but however when it comes to keeping funds private wallets seems to be the best way out.
In the same way, most centralized exchanges has grown to the extent that people now trust them without doubt, exchanges such as Binance. In my own personal opinion, you can only trust an exchange to trade on it but not to keep your funds, at the same time, it is not all exchanges that one should trade on as most have bad reputations already. Let's not be driven by whatever most of these exchanges claims, personal wallets should be the best way to go.

The moment so far has been enjoyable, many people have made a lot from thr market during this time and most especially those who were holding for a long time now are in good profit. However, looking at the market, we can see that it is growing despite the ups and downs being faced. Many institutional investors are still buying, the adoption of the crypto space is growing more massive than before and more investors are also coming in. However, in as much as no one can predict the market but I think the altcoin season is yet to start because Bitcoin dominance is dropping even more, and that signifies funds and attention are moving to altcoins.
Nevertheless, know the type of coins you hold, know when to take profit and make sure good coins or top coins are in your portfolio.

Although you are right in one sense, but in another sense, I don't think those who are holding Dogecoin cares, that is, they are all after profit so they don't care what Elon musk calls himself or whatever, what they really care for is for the price to continue going up, what they care for is, anything that can continue to cause fomo, hype etc so that their bags can be worth it; this is what I think they are after.
Also, if he is using Dogecoin to increase his BTC, what about those following his tweets and hype on Dogecoin? They are also doing the same. Don't get me wrong, it is all manipulation but so far they are getting their own share of everything, they don't see it as such. Hype is key in this crypto space and anyone who can play around, people will always go after him, if Elon musk do same hype or tweeting on other projects it will still pump, and those who are holding that project won't say it's manipulation but will embrace it.

One of the good things about Binance is reputation, that is, they try their best to always maintain their good reputation and one of the way they do this, is through making sure every project they list is one with good qualities and features thus making them stand out from other exchanges. Therefore I think you are not wrong with your assumption, this bull run has helped many projects, and just like you said, most of these projects are all listed on Binance.
On the other hand, I don't think it makes sense to only invest in coins listed on Binance, the reason is, remember most of those projects were not listed first on Binance right from the onset, some were listed on other exchanges, grew, developed their products before listing on Binance. Thus what I can say is, irrespective of the exchange, that one should try and invest in good projects, because they are the type of projects which last long term as well as the type of projects which can list on Binance at the right time.

To your question; from your list ADA is the most viable option in my own opinion, the reason is, ADA is one coin whose team are not relenting on their platform development. Platform development or upgrade is very important in the life of a platform's coin as it adds more value to it while making it more attractive to investors. I don't know much about HBAR and DIVI, but as for XRP, I don't know the level they have gone with their case with SEC, thus not paying attention to it.
Also, if you are looking for other coins worth investing, then BNB is a good choice, because the CEO keeps looking for more features which will be added to the exchange to make it highly attractive and this has been driving the price of BNB up.
Also, Invest what you can afford, don't get carried away that you invest your life savings or borrow to invest because this crypto space is highly volatile.

Most times transfering ERC tokens come with higher fees than just transfering ETH itself. In the same way, gas fees for tokens varies from token to token which made me wonder if gas fee is dependent on the type of token you want to transfer as well as the amount; just a random thoughts though. And that is certainly the case you are facing here.
Also, what I normally do is, if the transfer is not urgent then I leave it for the time being and try again at different intervals, because most times the gas fee will be unreasonably high and most times it will be very friendly as well.
In addition, in such case scenario where the gas fees varies, I don't think there is anything you can do as tampering with the gas fee will result to failed transaction, so it means you either do the transfer with that fee or try again later. I just hope the upcoming grade fixes this issue for ETH.

I have come to believe that a lot of coins, have their time, that is, most of the coins in top 10-20 in coinmarketcap last year are no longer there as they have been overtaken by upcoming coins, but however, only few tends to keep going up. So talking about old coins, they tried their best during their early days and also trying their best which is why they are still among the top, but talking about competition, nowadays we are talking about DeFi, which is currently trending, so there is every tendency that upcoming coins will compete with old ones and even overtake them. Also, when another trend sets in, a group of new coins might overtake others, so you can see this is all about trends but what matters is every good coin maintaining their features while improving on them, because every day comes with new ideas and opportunities which will keep driving the crypto space higher.
NFT is coming up soon, you never can tell which coins will be pushed down the rank and those that will come up. Therefore in my own opinion, if you see an old coin which have the features and use case you want, whose team are also ready to work, then there is no problem investing in them.