I didnt know Coinbase has this rule for so long, but this could be easily solved if solved if coins was not sent directly from casino to Coinbase exchange.
They are based in United States so it could be connected with that, but as far as I know casinos are allowed to exist legally in some US states.
Stake also has legal US casino, so I dont understand this strict Coinbase rule.
You posted it rightly, gambling is only legal in some states in the USA, not in all states. I am not the lawyer, not part of a Compliance Team but perhaps the information can help us guessing why Coinbase can not accept fund deposited into users accounts with origins from casinos.
It can be legal in some states but in some other states, it's illegal and to avoid problems, Coinbase simply do it as illegal universally on their exchanges. They likely don't want to have troubles and don't want to spend further resources for filters USA users just to give different Terms for users in a same country. They just want to defend their company, avoid legal issues first while users when knowing about it, can easily figure out their ways around before funding their Coinbase accounts.