Ledger Nano is great, it's OK. You haven't specified that what kind of iOS you have but as I read the above mentioned things I think you have some kind of laptop (sorry macbook ) or desktop, because you can use the Trezor (need for a full sized USB connector on your machine).
I'm just wondering if something like micro USB to apple lightning connector exist or not, but I would guess not, because on the android you can use the USB OTG function to connect your ledger Nano s or Trezor to e.g. a Mycelium mobile wallet, but I don't really know if it's possible on an iPhone or not. (Probably not).
Maybe if you want a hardware wallet, the Ledger Blue with bluetooth connection can be an option, but (this is just my opinion) I won't use any hardware wallet with bluetooth connection, I don't trust the bluetooth technology enough.
Maybe if you want to use a hot wallet on the iPhone, you can check if any of them can use your fingerprint for login and for confirmation

I always have mixed feelings about the mass adoption of bitcoin. It's a really good thing from one side, that a lot of people can get involved in the cryptocurrency ecosystem but on the other hand it's a risk for them (and for bitcoin) too. I don't know  what will happen if people without enough education about bitcoin will buy their first bitcoins. There should be something where people can find information about bitcoin easily and in an understandable form. Also, if bitcoin will become the part of the common talk, it will help a lot to avoid unnecessary losses and to help the newbies to deal with their investment.

Most of the EU countries are already using Euro (except UK and some countries on the eastern part of EU) so Euro is already used in the Union countries. Or you mean that they will create a cryptocurrency version of the Euro and will use that instead of the current system?
I'm not sure about Ripple, I don't think that an existing coin will become a common new currency for such a big Union...

I understand now (mostly). Why the chargeback costs money to the bank? If a customer files a chargeback, the bank starts the investigation and if the bank decide in the favour of the customer, it deducts the money from the seller's account and credits the customer's account with the money? It's a hassle for the bank but this is just moving money from the seller back to the customer, so it's not the bank's money in the end. Or the bank credits the customer using the bank's money beforehand and tries to collect the necessary funds from the seller afterwards? In this situation the bank really runs the risk of the chargebacks, but this option seems a bit unrealistic to me, because the investigation has to finish before the bank takes any step?

I agree that merchants should somehow start to accept bitcoin (maybe using the Lightning Network in the future) but my concern is the lack of the regulation, that let the merchants accept bitcoin legally. I'm thinking a lot about the technical background of accepting bitcoin as a merchant, but unless something happens, merchants should end up receiving fiat at the end of the bitcoin payment process (in order to be able to include the payment into the book-keeping system). So this needs some kind of BitPay or similar service provider to agree on at least a basic service and let the merchant exchange the bitcoin (on the fly) for fiat. BitPay or others will replace the VISA and MasterCard in this case, so they will have the chance to ask for a fee for the service, which should be payed by the merchant, so from the merchant's point of view, the whole thing won't be much cheaper... It's OK that implementing a bitcoin payment system (and a Bitcoin accepted here sticker) will generate some new customers to the business, but on the long run, there should be something to let the merchants keep the bitcoins and use them later on as the business needs liquidity...

That's fine if they can do it  in the legal way. Accepting bitcoin as a company is really a challenge (if you are outside of Japan), it depends on your book-keeper and on your tax-advisor too if they advise you to do it or not. I can imagine that the owner of a small company let people to pay with bitcoin some smaller amounts and the owner puts his money into the company instead of the bitcoin, but in this case it's not the company who runs the risk of the bitcoin price volatility but the owner himself (and also he can enjoy the benefits of the bitcoin price raise, if it rises...) Bitcoin don't need regulation between people but when it comes about company and people relation, there's a need for at least a basic regulation to let bitcoin reach the mass adoption sooner or later...

In some of the EU countries it's restricted by the law to buy e.g. lottery tickets with credit card or to pay for sports betting, etc... So when governments (and banks) want to restrict people from buying bitcoin with credit card, to prevent the future losses, it's understandable from their point of view. Maybe the restriction of debit cards as well, but it's not that easy, because what you have on your account (the debit card is attached to) is your own money and not a loan, so theoretically, you should spend it without any restriction with your debit card (or you can withdraw it from the ATM and after they can't stop you to buy bitcoin from the cash)... It's OK that they want to help the people (who don't have the necessary knowledge, generally speaking) but it's really hard to find the optimal solution...

I understand your point of view, and it's logical, that they can recognize bitcoin as a part of a barter trade, like you trade goods for goods, directly, without the need for using cash or electronic money. Unfortunately, governments yet don't recognize bitcoin as a kind of 'good' because they tax the incomes you gain from using bitcoin (profit from the trades, etc..), but they don't tax you if you have fish (even if it's a goldfish )

There's a test network available for testing purposes, maybe you can give it a try, you set up some test nodes and start to do the transfers. When you use the testnet, you can claim some testing bitcoins, so you won't risk your mainnet bitcoins.
I also would be interested in the results, but I'm afraid the test network would only give a theoretical maximum, but in real life situation this can change... Any calculation in the documentation?

1) There's no problem with people, jumping on the crypto bandwagon. With the help of the Lightning network, people and the merchants would be able to do business (buy and sell goods) without the 3rd party involved. The problem is that if the transaction is not between people but a customer and a merchant, the merchant have to book it's income somehow. As the merchant can't do it's book-keeping in bitcoin but only in national currency, there will be a need for an exchange to make fiat from the bitcoin. So it's not possible to totally eliminate every 3rd party and middleman.
2) People trust their government in developed countries, if they don't, why would they buy the government bonds to put their money in to gain some interest? (I'm talking about average people, who usues the current  governmental system mostly). There are other investors on the market who prefer stocks and other assets but there will always be a group of people who will use what the goverment tells them to use. Others will be happy with cryptos but on the long run, regulations will bring tax into crypto as well, most probably.

Well, this can be good news, but if you think about the background, maybe it's not as good as it seems.
There's no problem accepting the fact that cryptos can change the future, they are changing the future at the moment, so it's OK. Also, there's no need to argue that banks and country leaders will adapt and will move to blockhain, that will be a longer process but it's very likely. The real question is, who controls that blockchain they will develop and they will move their transactions to... Banks and country leaders won't use a decentralized currency/model, if they are able to create/develop an own currency, which they can control fully. Bitcoin can change the world, but it will have competitors from the countries, that's for sure...

This is true for the people who understand bitcoin and the technology behind. But for the average joes it's a totally new and unknown thing and it's not easy to get familiar with it in a short period of time. So there's a need from them to trust a 3rd party to help them to store their coins first, and if they want, they can educate themselves to set up their own safe storage for their coins. If they don't want to educate themselves, because they don't have time, or they are just lazy to trust the 3rd party, they will choose someone who they trust already, and banks are nowdays have the trust of the people (more or less) but they have the trust of the average people for sure.
So if someone is interested in the technology, then there's no need for the bank, but for the others there is a need for something to belive in...

There's no need to create a new rank, higher than legendary. If someone has not ranked up yet from Hero to Legendary, there's a little chance (or no chance at all) that in e.g. 1 year time any Hero (starting with the 500 merits, not the 1000) will become a legendary. Collecting 500 merits is a really time consuming activity nowdays I know there are exceptions, who earns ~10 merits daily, but they are only exceptions
Anyway, if this slows down the new spam account registration, then it was a necessary step, and time will tell what the results will be on the long run

Banks should come up with something to let people store larger amounts of crypto, if they need. You don't want to walk the streets with your life saving in your pocket on a Ledger Nano S.
Average people needs something/somebody to trust to store their coins yet, because they are afraid of losing them because of anything like hardware fault, private key problem, etc. In a bank, you can identify yourself with your state issued ID card and you are allowed to use your funds as you wish.
So for the average people banks would be a good balance to handle cryptos. For the crypto experienced people, this service of the banks are useless...

It's the opposite, they don't want BTC to be legal, but this is only my opinion. They want to use the blockchain technology, maybe they can cut some costs with it, maybe not. Maybe it's just a good marketing trick to sustain the interest about their services. There's nothing mentioned which can be in connection with bitcoin, only the blockchain technology. Because the systems of the banks are closed and centralized, you can't really be sure that they will implement the blockchain even if they communicate it.

Cryptocurrencies (like bitcoin) are only a threat for the international wire transfers these days. As long as you can't give out loans in bitcoin without the proper (and legalised) collateral background, it's not as urgent for the banks to handle the crypto story. Also, as long as bitcoin (and the others) are so volatile, everyday people will stay away from them. Mass adoption is a need for bitcoin and for the other cryptos yet, to let all the people know about bitcoin and the possible advantages of them, compared to the current banking system. But as long as scammy ICOs are not regulated somehow, people won't be brave enough to join this party... So there's a lot to do until bitcoin will be a real threat to banks, but banks are really cautious, so they are analysing the current situation, and they are trying to prevent the future losses, so this is why they think about crytos like Bank of America.

There's a real need for people to get the proper education about bitcoin. When people think about bitcoin like the key to the success and unlimited profit, there's a real need for learning at least the basics of bitcoin. It's something like children, when they learn to deal with money from their parents, but this time parents are not able to teach their children about bitcoin, because the children have a better understanding about the digital world. Dealing with bitcoin is like dealing with the real life money, just in the digital way, so there's also a need for a basic financial understanding, and also a bit of technical skills. Maybe in the future, the smartphones will bring the easy and straightforward use of bitcoin for the everyday people, but until then (and after) it's alway better to understand the system you use every day...

You should keep your coins secure, hardware wallets are the best for this purpose, if you want to use the coins as well. You should keep the hardware wallet in the safe unless you really want to spend some coins, because to check you balance, there's no need to have the hardware wallet at your fingertips. You can check your balance wiht your address on a blockchain explorer, you only need the hardware wallet if you want to spend or e.g. if you want to sign a message.
The best thing is that when you use a hardware wallet, you don't need to expose your private keys, because the hardware wallets does everything inside, and it only send signed transaction or signed message out, which doesn't cointain private key at all.
The only, the most important thing is the seed (the 24 words, generated at the first start of the hardware wallet), this is the key of the backups, so keep it in a secure place, more secure than the hardware wallet itself. As long as you (and only you) have that seed, you and your coins are safe.

You can be sure if the price starts to rise again (doubles or more) there will be a new wave of the average people who has not took part in the first price raise, so there will be interest again in bitcoin...
The question is, when it will happen again, in a few weeks, months, half year or more...
Another question is if Segwit adoption will reach a certain level by that time which can help the transactions to get confirmation in time and won't cause huge backlogs in the mempool...
Or, LN will go live by that time...
Time will tell, I hope next time we will be able to handle the situation.

Have you read about the pizza day of the Lightning network?
https://cointelegraph.com/news/original-pizza-day-purchaser-does-it-again-with-bitcoin-lightning-network
It's the same guy who have paid 10.000 bitcoins for 2 pizzas years before.
He also explained a kind of secure payment method using the lightning network in a mail to the developers:
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/lightning-dev/2018-February/001044.html