like any other system, bitcoin also has flaws but none of them make it "broken". you are too dramatic to call it so.

at the same time nobody is sitting around! there has always been work being done in order to fix the issues/flaws. but you can not simply change things recklessly to put a band-aid on the problem and push it for the future to fix it and put them in a bigger ditch they can not dig out of.
we need to be careful, change things in a way that it  doesn't change fundamental characteristics of bitcoin such as the most important one: decentralization.

i have never used this but i can remember that there was a news a while ago about Coinbase partnership with Paypal. and since you want to change bitcoin for paypal you can use this because according to what i remember from that news they only allow you to make a withdrawal to your paypal. this means you can not deposit money using Paypal only to sell your bitcoin on their platform them withdraw to it.

here is the link i just found: https://support.coinbase.com/customer/portal/articles/2458534

there is always a reason why an altcoin is super cheap. and there is even worse reasons why an altcoin is below 1 satoshi. it is usually due to them being absolutely useless and without a BTC market. they are being traded against small priced altcoins such as Doge and don't have high volumes. any investment needs to be smaller compared to bigger altcoins and also they have a ridiculously higher risk specially when you say you want to "hold them for a year"!

a website called XRP (which stands for ripple) and has the domain name of .city is not a trusted source for getting ripple-related news. it is obviously biased and created in order to spam to generate traffic!

Coinbase or more accurately GDAX is an exchange nearly similar to other exchanges, so they may some day add Ripple because of its high volume during pump and dumps so they can make more money.
but there is also the fact that Ripple is centralized and they can close your accounts if they want to. so if Ripple labs finds Coinbase not to their liking they can shut them down and make all their Ripple balances go to zero just like that.

the trading strategy that you are using is what will determine what you should do. obviously holding altcoins in their wallets is a pain in the ass and in some cases even risky since they may contain malwares! but holding on exchanges is also risky since they can scam you at any moment.

if your strategy is a short term trading the altcoins to maximize your profit on your bitcoin or money and getting out. then the best thing is to keep them on exchanges to be able to dump them fast and only get the bitcoin in and out of exchanges and store it in your cold storage.

there is a very good chance that bitcoin will continue to grow and be adopted more and more in the coming years, in other words in long term. this means buying at any price and holding is a good idea and any time is a good time to do so.

if you want short term then the "better" time is when the price is still low and everyone is selling. meaning back when price was $12k-$13k. back when everyone is spreading FUD and calling bitcoin dead or dying and talking about altcoins overtaking it! my personal indication is always 30% lower than the ATH

i am not familiar with greenaddress but unless they are using off chain transactions like account to account that coinbase uses, there is no way to reduce the fees of transactions that happen on chain because a wallet is not the one setting the fees, your wallet is just suggesting fees, the network determines the fee amount.

the ISO standard for bitcoin is XBT edit[1] only because calling it BTC and starting with B was not possible because of conflict with another currency  but people use and prefer BTC because it is easier to use and it has been used longer.

as for altcoins nobody cares because they are not used anywhere outside of exchanges and inside exchanges they can call it whatever they want and since there are only finite number of letters in English language but infinite number of altcoins it is impossible to even try to make any standard for them. for example BCC is bitconnect and is taken already. but bitcoin cash is also using it sometimes.

[1] (it turns out XBT is not standard either, it is chosen by exchanges and other places like CME group as the symbol but not standard)

nothing ever is going to change the fact that Ethereum is a shitcoin.

it is true that it is rising, and it will probably rise a lot more and get dumped a lot more too. and i have to admit i have already invested a lot of money in it and make a ton of profit, and i currently even have an investment in ETH since it is getting pumped. but i still consider it the biggest shitcoin that ever existed.

there are simply too many things wrong with it! it had some cool ideas but they are all implemented in a worse way possible which have introduced lots of bugs and attack surfaces, lots of which have already been exploited and so little fixed.

Verge is $0.16 so you are trading with $16 and want to make $20 every day! that is 125% profit on a daily basis. it is not impossible, but since you are claiming to be a newbie in this i'll say it is impossible for you to do this.

you need to lower your expectations and start with a smaller profit goal such as 1%-5% weekly profit then decrease the interval to daily and then after a while increase the profit and your investment amount. you can never start at the top step, you need to take the steps one at a time and from the bottom.

and as for trading you will need to learn how it works first and then start learning how the market moves. it is not a gambling game that you just play it and wish for the best to get lucky. you need to be able to make rational decisions when you buy something at some price. specially if you want to make profit consistently not win 1 time and lose 10 times.

numbers can be deceiving sometimes when they become bigger. the ATH was nearly $20,000 which means $40,000 can only be a 2x rise. even if you consider the start of the year price of $13000 it will be a 3x rise.

in 2017 price went up 20x to ATH or 13x till the end of the year after the correction. and with all the things that are going on right now, i don't see this rise slowing down and even if it does slow down it won't be to 2x. it will be at least to 5x which means somewhere around $100,000

500 Doge is about 33000 satoshi which is the normal limit for trading volume that you can find elsewhere too. most exchanges have this limit at 10k-50k satoshi. in other words you won't find any better limits on other exchanges and if any one them have lower limits, they also will soon increase it due to Doge price drops and prevention of small orders filling the order book and wasting resources.
besides it doesn't make much sense to trade with such small amounts anyways!

it won't be for free (0 fees) but it will be cheap.
you still have to make an on-chain transaction to enter and exit the Lightning Channel and you will also if i am not mistaken have to pay a fee when sending transactions through lightning network to pay the hubs but it will very low. but in case of this fee, there will be a competition among hubs to do things with lower fee or even free which reduces the fees since there are no blocks in LN to fill up and the more transaction you process the more you earn.

it is possible for a couple of reasons but also impossible for some other reasons.
1. they are pumping ETH right now pretty hard in order to do exactly what you asked, to take the #2 place. that is all ETH has and it loses it, there is nothing left
2. XRP pump can not go on forever, the bubble will burst and it will lose its value eventually and comes down. nearly 40 billion coins supply is not a joke!

but it is impossible since:
1. XRP has released a ton of supply in the past. they will do it again soon and if they release even a 10 billion coins out of the remaining 62 billion (total is 100 billion and 38 is already released) the market cap of it shoots higher!
2. ETH is also pumped and in a bubble. it may burst and drop hard too. and it is always easier to pump a $1 shitcoin than pumping a $800 shitcoin.

exactly. hypes like the Ignis are always effective in starting a pump in altcoins specially when that particular altcoin has not been getting that much pumps in a very long time. and since in case of NXT this was true, that led to a big pump which lasted a while and helped the price go super high.

right now it is the correction after the pump or you can call it dump if you like. i don't think it will go back down to the initial price where it started at though.

the India situation is very different right now. they have been trying to fuck their people over for some time now with lots of currency shenanigans they have been pulling like invalidating their 1000(?) notes.

and people over there have been buying bitcoin like crazy. at any time when you check out bitcoin price over at India you can see it is at least 30% higher than the rest of the world because there is lack of in-flow of bitcoin into the country but there is an increasing demand for the an exit out of the hands of the corrupt government.
watch this video of Andreas Antonopoulos - Currency Wars and Bitcoin's Neutrality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZCVQHtD2l4

of course their corrupt government is going to call bitcoin Ponzi, try to ban it and constantly attack it. bitcoin is ruining all their evil plans.

what exactly were you waiting for?!!! using bitcoin has been illegal in your country from 2014! nearly 4 years ago!

here is a quote from 15 Sep 2014:
"Bangladesh's central bank has warned against dealing in Bitcoin, saying anybody caught using the virtual currency could be jailed under the country's strict anti-money laundering laws."

you can read more about it here: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/currency/11097208/Why-Bangladesh-will-jail-Bitcoin-traders.html


the same thing as the rest of your country have been doing. either stop using bitcoin or say F* you to your government and enjoy your financial freedom...
and whenever you felt down just check out what people in Zimbabwe are doing. bitcoin is also illegal there.
they use free electricity to mine bitcoin, use that to buy food from Amazon, deliver the food to a adjacent country, import it inside country and feed their people.

no they are not.

yes it can be cause each time there is a pump the Ripple team releases a large chunk of supply easily and the cap of it is 100 billion (currently at 38 billion).  in order to surpass bitcoin in market cap they only have to release another 38 billion which will never hit the market (circulating supply) anyways so the market cap can simply and fake-ly jump to above bitcoin's.

dethroned in market cap? yes sure.
dethroned as the most used currency? not by ripple for sure.

well the adoption is growing. this year alone we have had 2,085% rise so no matter how much it falls down it is still a huge rise for one year. and it is not falling down that much. the drop is still one of the normal corrections after a big rise.

we have a couple of things to look forward to: first the new year and end of holiday season which brings back all the fresh money to the market. then it is the scaling and end of huge backlog at the same time and later one the Lightning Network which is being developed and tested right now. with each of these big steps the price will rise like before.

* this is abusing the name of another project with the same name which had a lot of support (SegWit2x) but has nothing to do with it => scam
* it has a huge premine hidden in the code but they are not transparent about it on their website nor their announcement page. this premine is not small either it is 6 million coins => scam

these two reasons are enough for it to be a scam.
there are other reason to stay away from it such as the fact that their code is rushed and it was released by simply copy pasting another project withing less than a week. there is no testing and no review over it. it may even have serious bugs which can lead to funds loss.