Bitcoin Lightning Network to be deployed for fiat transfers between the UK, Europe, and African countries.
Bitcoin Lightning Network is a layer 2 solution for Bitcoin blockchain to transfer Bitcoin. How can it be used to transfer fiat money cross countries? Using the blockchain. I don't know the technical explanation in detail but Jack Mallers' Strike has been doing it for some time now. You can watch interviews with him on Youtube, he's a young guy but very passionate and seems to know what he's doing. LN does not use the bitcoin blockchain thats the point of it. its not a bitcoin blockchain scheme its the same as using other tokens of LBTC(liquid) Wbtc(wrapped bitcoin) thy are not bitcoin they are emulating/faking being bitcoin by being a token on a different network the units of value measure inside a LN routed payment(the online payment) are measured in msats. a thing that is 11 decimals of 1btc bitcoin only goes to 8 decimals.. thus its not bitcoin .. as for strike he tried to do something with elsalvador in spetember 2021 yep same promotion as this topic. problem was strike failed el salvador and el salvador dropped strike and chose to use a CEX as the custodian of customer funds becasue LN failed citizens of el salvador please do some research |
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no one IN YOUR BUDDY GROUP agrees with me. its just a shame you only see your buddy group. and you only notice people that have no fear of being frank trying to talk to your buddy group about how stupid you look. where you ignore the thousands of other people that object to your buddy group, they just avoid getting into debate with you cry babies but your buddy group is only a dozen plus subnetwork adoring people of a network that has no consensus or blockchain its funny how there are thousands of posts and topics about bitcoin scaling and wanting onchain changes of extra tx per block and cheaper fee's(many people not liking the broken/empty promise of the segwit pledge /LN deportation plan of "scaling") yet i see the same dozen idiots trying to promote the "LN solution to scaling problem" consensus is about agreement of a change is accepted So why isn't Segwit part of consensus? (facepalm) the METHOD of activating segwit into the ruleset.. was not done via consensus consensus: consent via a mass census it was activated by only counting trump voters EG part of elections in america is offering new POLICY/pledge of new rule change in the future. where if there was no true winner via a fair election trump stays in power but the policies stayed in pre election state. where no new policy is accepted. meaning another election would need to occur if new policy were to happen yes this means trump(core) still in power but not with any 2020 policy change allowed. where trump(core) continued on in old policy(ruleset(no segwit)). but that was bypassed where trump(core) stayed in power and got to change policy, by his fake election campaign. which idiots want to call "trump won 2020" using the analogies bitcoin is now living in a trumpland 2020 where trump stayed in power AND changed the policy.. by evading democracy.. instead of how elections actually happened where if there was no clear winner. trump would have temporarily stayed in power but without new policy. where a new election would soon occur to offer new policy Some nodes came into this agreement, and in fact, they took into consideration that it won't fork the rest nodes off the network. They could have chosen to solve the transaction malleability problem without soft forking, backwards-compatibility and the like;
yes NYA corporate votes were counted yes they changed election rules that normal citizens dont vote(backward compatibility to just keep trump in power without a vote) funny part is.. the blockchain data and actually using your eyes.. there was a hard fork.. its called BCH(yes it happened) there were block rejections to falsify a 100% (un-natural to get full 100% by the way) they instead changed the voters rights(backward compatible) and just didnt count or involve all citizens in the vote where abstaining was treated as voting for trump2020 policy just a brutal hard fork, and it would work more efficiently as well. But they thought: we can't just enforce this to everybody, nor is it appropriate to split the network in half.
no in real consensus there just be no policy change. thus no fork due to an election please go learn the difference between consensus vs forking learn the solution to the byzantine generals problem.. it will clear up your many misunderstandings it will help you realise why bitcoin was such a novel solution to many things in 2009-2016 .. you you and your daddy doomad stop reptending segwit was soft. it was hard as proven by there being a hard fork and stop pretending that i am saying that segwit activated via soft (uasf) becasue again i am and never have said that segwit was soft there was a fork, controversy and rejections and then election bypass to activate new policy stop trying to think segwit was peaceful kumbaya unanimous agreement |
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consensus is where nodes need to majority be ready to verify new rules BEFORE a new rule is activated so that the nodes can verify the blockchain fully. and fully agree they have all verified all data and came to the same agreed end state You can whine as much as you want, but what's the result? Let's assume you're right, and consensus is democracy (that's how you interpret it). Hard forking is an inevitable part of a decentralized system, and if someone wants to hard fork, there's nothing that can stop him from do so. Soft forks, on the other hand, aren't necessarily inevitable; such forward-compatibility can only be set in stone from genesis. If it isn't, then any protocol change would result in hard fork. Let me ask you this: if a soft fork cannot be supported with consensus as you've made clear with your definition of consensus, why did Bitcoin v0.1 had explicit support for future soft forks? by you wasting your whole post about forks. and only asking questions about forks, shows you are evading discussion about consensus or simply dont know what consensus is consensus is a byzantine generals solution. research it. its not a split up the generals into rival armies so they can all do their own thing. consensus is about getting the generals to agree on one marching order of unity, if there is a majority agreement of the generals(keeping the army together),. else there is no new marching order if no majority. and they then have to come up with a new mission/policy to vote on later if they want to progress please genuinely research the term "byzantine generals" there is a difference between consensus and forks forks are "fuck off" mechanisms consensus is "stay together" mechanisms yes people can fork and make their own altcoin. but thats making their own altcoin consensus is about agreement of a change is accepted by a majority vote where there is no pre activation forks. where there is no threat of rejecting blocks blackmail. its simply asking people to flag intention and if intension gets majority without threat or malice. then it activates because people are then ready to service that new rule by having upgraded to have code ready to support the new rule. thus no fork note the words of agreement and acceptance (consent) also note the census part, of information from the masses of a given population yes consensus is about consent of the masses here is the thing i know you guys seem like the types that believe trump won 2020 due to what you read on twitter and believe because your buddies believe it but if the US done a proper census and looked at the actual election results.. they would see the consensus proves trump lost forks/altcoin creating. is not about being part of a countries election. its about being deported before an election or threatened that deporting will happen unless you vote a certain way. where by being deported means you are not part of an election and instead a citizen of another country do you understand the difference between a fork vs consensus yes segwit activated. yes taproot activated, but not via a true consensus, it activated by false election via a deportation policy before election triggered by a popularity contest of the corporations, and the lack of need to count the citizen votes meaning lots of nodes are not supporting things like taproot right now thus lots of nodes are blindly hoarding blocks where they have not fully validated every transaction of every block .. your view of what you think consensus is, is about splitting america up into trumpland and bidenland where as consensus is, if there is a failure to find true majority of a fair election. there is no new leader, and a new election has to occur with maybe some other policy pledge to maybe win favour at a later date to maybe have a winner with a new policy that is part of the future for america. its not about deporting people before elections to some other land to win an election by a false election |
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Allegations has dealt with so many that the find forgiveness as a taboo. It has injured innocent hearts, buried the heart and sympathy of lovely people, sold the conscience of the happy. It has eaten up the good days of the merriers It might take forever to let go of hurts from allegations. I am still searching to know how to heal the pains that get associated with allegation.
usually an allegation itself does not do the massive harm its either the after-gossip spread of multiple people then treating you differently or more often its actually you personally victimising yourself by re-playing the allegation in your head long after the person making an allegation has moved out of your proximity and got on with their life speaking of the second one. if you are in grief of some allegation made against you. and you are reading this now still feeling hurt by an allegation take a breath and look around the room you are sat in. is the accuser present can you reach and touch them if you said words using your mouth now out loud, would they hear you if you cant touch them or speak to them . then they are not affecting you now. YOU are affecting you right now in your position you are in now. find ways to trick your mind into NOT perceiving it as a current threat. tell your brain to shut up and you will think about it on a day where you can do something about it. dont think of the past. tell your brain to find the solutions for the future EG will you sue them. will you research stuff that can prove your innocence to provide them. or if you fo not wish to pursue it. tell your mind not to pursue it and then think about other things easier said than done. but with enough attempts to cut your brain mid flow of a history tour. helps reduce the harm you do on yourself repeating thoughts in your head |
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continual learning extends the brain and helps keep the brain functional to correctly release the right hormones and chemicals the rest of the body need to grow, heal and stay energised and happy
however some "games" that are just repetitive (farmville) are not conducive to aiding the brain.
yes it staves off boredom and keeps brain active, but not growing, repairing, expanding
if you are going to give a elderly relative a device to play games on. ensure they have a wide selection of games requiring a multitude of tasks that get the brain thinking.
and not just zombie out a repeated action to pass the time
proper strategy games where there is a new method/model/task each time requiring a different way of thinking each time
in sort playing farmville or call of duty all day does not make you smarter
.
as for paperback puzzles
dont just give them a years supply of sudoku
give them multiple months of books of
sudoku, crossword, wordsearch, spot the difference plus others
like paint by numbers, recipe books. instruction manuals
tell them to just read a page of each book each day to mix it up so the brain does different tasks multiple times a day
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for temp workers currently working but not born in UK/EU that want to remit funds back home because they have no UK/EU bank account that allows international wires.. then there are many services available that come with fee's where using crypto can save.. if they can find a way to deposit into the service for free to first then use a crypto service (its not all fluffy clouds and dandelions of utopia) however if you do have for instance a uk bank. its fast and free. https://www.hsbc.co.uk/international/money-transfer/No HSBC fees for sending money abroad
LN is still a flawed network with alot of liquidity bottlenecks spending "coffee" amounts has a near 100% payment success rate, but half a months salary has less guarantees of success. and sometimes comes with higher fees than promised, and can have issues with middle man routers. so dont be expectant of the overly promised under reality experience oh and LN is not bitcoin. bitcoin does not leave and re-enter the bitcoin network. bitcoins stays and never leaves the bitcoin network the LN network is something else. much like the IMF SDR is not the same as citizens bank account pounds euros also this news is not some nations ratified payment system its just some guys in UK/EU trading their balance with some african guys balance. just be risk aware and do research this article might aswell be talking about custodian balance, sidechain tokens, subnetwork IOU's (oh wait it is talking about the third) |
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so flags just happened to reach unnatural 100% that triggered the mandatory activation, was just a coincidence?
oh and dont start on the USAF.. you idiot we both know it was the NYA agreement and mandatory hardfork.
dont stupidly pretend it was the other one
do you need me to show you the pretty picture graph of the flags AGAIN
or can you be capable of reminding yourself without a spoon being put in your mouth and teaching you how to digest information
..
doomad wheres your source links for your assertions.. wheres your blockdata of flags used. wheres your bips/codebases to back up your rhetoric
dont respond unless its to show links of actual code/bips or flag data in blockchain. as there is no point in hearing your empty cries for anymore time without you backing up your wet eyes and cries
enjoy the next five years of continual childisms. or hopefully take a chance on yourself do some research accept the immutable data beats your delusional thoughts. accept the data wins. and grow up and act like an adult for once
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You are still the only person on the face of the planet who I've seen saying that consensus has been broken, bypassed or faked. Literally just you. Again, this is also a thought residing exclusively in your head and no one else's.
apart from the fact that the bitcoin devs themselves admit it was bypassed by naming and shaming Luke Jr and shoulinfry as the people that came up with the bypass to get certain features activated without the need of mass consensus before activation https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0148.mediawikifunny how anyone can google how it was done but you seem to refuse to do research after 5 years heres just one example.. took me 23 seconds https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki#creditshttps://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0144.mediawiki#creditsSpecial thanks to Gregory Maxwell for originating many of the ideas in this BIP and Luke-Jr for figuring out how to deploy this as a soft fork. oh and more evidence to prove my point how consensus WAS https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0008.mediawiki#motivationthe boefore explanation Activation is dependent on near unanimous hashrate signalling which may be impractical and result in veto by a small minority of non-signalling hashrate.
Since all consensus rules are ultimately enforced by full nodes, eventually any new soft fork will be enforced by the economy.
after Super majority hashrate based activation triggers allow for accelerated activation where the majority hash power enforces the new rules in lieu of full nodes upgrading.
This proposal combines these two aspects to provide optional flag day activation after a reasonable time, as well as for accelerated activation by majority of hash rate before the flag date.
then maybe you can spend some time with how they used the other bips of mandatory rejecting non-flagging blocks to fake the flag thresholds before activation. to cause a activation without need of majority nodes and without true majority of block creators yep it took me about 50 seconds of search to find good source data from the devs. .. now show me your good source data of your assertions |
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full node
this is a software that obides by all the rules of the bitcoin protocols current ruleset. and connects peer-to-peer(a node) rather than to a server(an app)
a full nodes main role should be to protect the network. be upgraded if new rules propose to activate or have activated.. to ensure retained ability to verify everything. and archive the blockchain to offer out data to peers on request
switching off some of the features/services such as archiving all data, then drops the status down to no longer being a full node status. as does other services, and not being upgraded to verify all rules loses its "full" status
it also comes with the convenience of having a wallet (ability to receive and make payments) included
its user interaction ability as a individual wallet is not the best, easiest graphic user interface if you want to use some of the advanced features
as sometimes you have to use commands and edit configuration files manually. rather than a graphic display button/easy displace feature
for everyone else that does not care as much about supporting the network data and the rules there are many other wallets available at individual user level or secret business closed source level. plenty of options are available
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The only downside with DEX is that, provided you're exchanging fiat in an electronic fashion (credit, debit cards, bank accounts, financial institutions like Revolut, Paypal etc.) you're sending or/and receiving money with people who are complete strangers to you, and who might be breaking the law. Therefore, there's a chance you get into some troubles. On the other hand, sending back and fourth money to a billion worth company is unlikely to bring suspicion.
your actually learning. fair play. finally sending you merit with my standard 'i dont give a crap about merit' policy amount. simply because you showed willingness to learn and have an unbiased thought about a thing you have been previously over promoting also to add if doing multiple trades with such strangers, even if their actions are not ominous. just the pure volume of value or volume of trades can trigger you or them to be doing a business of money transmission. which can end up having your personal accounts froze if you are not set up to be a money transmitter business with a business bank account. but acting like one on your personal bank account dex/de-fi does not solve the problems that the decentralised 'local bitcoins' services had several years ago in regards to multiple "stranger" wire transfers.. where the end result is users got too popular/greedy, done just that too many trades* above a threshold where they had to set up as a licenced exchange service(asking for KYC) or stop doing swaps dex/de-fi still will run into those same problems . although most users are in their first few weeks./months use of their bank account under dex/de-fi activities, to not YET meet those thresholds YET *subtly hinting the work-around(dont trade too often EG day trading multiple wires a day) - (though less subtle by needing the asterisk hint) |
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bitcoins peer-to-peer network does as advertised.
.. disclaimer 'once you are funded in the network, and transacting in the network'
however the offramps and onramps to get funded in the network. thats a whole different system not described in the whitepaper or experienced in the real world
yes we should prefer hand to hand paper fiat for bitcoin to on-ramp into bitcoin for the buyer and off ramp for the seller.
yes people should be doing the "disruptive technology" models of creating new business or systems that bypass the institutional services more
but for each extra bump in the road to get people away from institutional services the harder it gets (at current experience)
EG needing to go to a ATM only in business hours to then find someone you dont know at a coffee shop to do a face to face paper fiat for bitcoin trade. is more hassle than just doing a 3minute verified wire transfer into a CEX any time of the day or night for free, while at home sipping a whisky on your online bank account
so convenience takes over
bitcoin 2009-2014 was not recognise as a currency. it was deemed a property(and legally rightfully so) this meant that regulators and institutions couldnt get their paws on the gateways to bitcoin. meaning disruptive technologies of 'payment gateways' could.
however since being defined as a currency in 2014. bitcoin allowed in institutional services to facilitate the convenience ramps in and out.
then when deemed a security in 2017(asset) SEC ramped up its over reaching jurisdictional rules of the ramps in and out
then this year deeming bitcoin a commodity even more regulators can get involved. including the EPA(environmental protections agency) (yep EPA= the PoW/PoS wars of bitcoins future roadmap)
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unlike fiat laws.
crypto does not have any divine right of ownership outside the 'key control' owneship
when handing funds to a business. you are then subservient to the contract with that business(the user agreement)
binance does not have the same harsh user agreement rules as things like greyscale
binance has a clear proof of reserves and you can see the binance wallets balance openly using the tags on bitcoinrichlist.
however remember #not-your-keys-not-your-coin
binance is allowing users better access to coins(withdrawing when closing account), even in situations of banning a user.. compared to other exchanges user agreements.
other exchanges also dont deem funds as customers and can without notice take coins without reason
so always read the user agreements
though the implied rights given by user agreement can only be fully enforced in court if there was a breach/disagreement
so always make sure where you stand when using these services and limit utility to just using them for that day. and not as a custodian over weeks/months whereby you are not actively logging in or using the service daily with your fingertips
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now to summarise why this topic even started by loyce To start: I use on-chain Bitcoin, and I use Bitcoin LN. Bitcoin can work with or without LN, LN can't work without Bitcoin. I don't like high fees, as it limits adoption. I would like to see Bitcoin grow in value, userbase and number of transactions per second, and I think we need all three of those for Bitcoin to grow. How, that's up for debate. LN is a different network for a reason. it has its own usecase and niche and utility that differs from bitcoins. bitcoin lives on the bitcoin network. it never leaves the bitcoin network and no one can create new bitcoin on or off the bitcoin network so anything pretending to be bitcoin outside the bitcoin network is not bitcoin database balance on a CEX is not real bitcoin sidechain tokens/ subnetwork IOU's are not bitcoin if it uses a different unit EG a token of 11 decimals. its not bitcoin if its not appearing as a confirmed bitcoin UTXO when you feel that you have been "paid" its not bitcoin if its not appearing as unconfirmed/pending on the bitcoin network peer nodes. its not bitcoin LN is a separate network that can work with other coins. it is not a network that only functions for and only with bitcoin |
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nothing new here. its normal business practice across many sectors
once you are overextended where you have had pay rises in work. and reached the top payrise limit rate of your role.. you become replaceable. they find ways to sever you out of the role and employ someone new at the new base pay
many cases here in the UK
starting pay min wage, with 4 grades of pay increase if being trained up to certain level..
however the inflation rate uptick of those 4 grades is less than the uptick of minimum wage
EG
say it was $£7.50min with a $£0.50 per hour pay rise per training level. meaning fully trained for a basic role becomes $£9.50
each year offers a 2% uptick
so over 5 years a $£9.50 employee by his contract starting 2017
is now on $£10.48
yet a fresh recruit is on $£10 min wage and with just level 1 training level becomes better paid than the guy with 5 year experience and 4 levels of training
then when the fresh recruit is fully trained they are on $£12, while the guy with 5 years experience and same level training. is still on $£10.48
and trying to get a $£2 pay rise to outpace the fresh recruits is met by harsh rejection of "accept what your given or leave"
because in a businesses mind. a fresh recruit is younger fitter and more efficient so the dead wood needs to go
i have spoke with many people in retail, food service and office work that have had those experiences
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if doomad thinks bitcoin didnt have a true consensus.. then he is the idiot that does not understand bitcoin but it is funny how i had to spend years dumbing things down to the most "explain like your 5yo" before he can understand the objections.... but thats on him. not me he loves the fact that the consensus mechanism of 2009-2016 has been broken and bypassed. where he now wants to pretend it never existed. that bitcoin never had a consensus (solution to byzantine generals problem) but thats just his and his buddies that follow his narratives SHAMEFUL, manipulative, malicious, shenanigans and ignorant mind at play i cannot believe how malicious doomad (and his chums) rhetoric is by saying that bitcoin doesnt and never had a true consensus. .. i understand why he says it. because his favoured subnetwork doesnt have a consensus system to protect their network value. so he is selling a narrative that systems dont have nor need consensus and pretend bitcoin never had or needed one.. SHAMEFUL sales pitch very shameful!! the thing is YOU idiots want to say that nodes with: stripped blocks(non witness) that dont offer IBD seeding to peers. and/or pruned chains that dont offer IBD to peers. nodes that dont verify every rule you malicious deceitful fools are still deeming those nodes as being full nodes, pretending that they fully secure the network fully and are following consensus fully BUT THEY ARE NOT you lot do not care about making users risk aware or understand the variances and their impacts .. consensus is where nodes need to majority be ready to verify new rules BEFORE a new rule is activated so that the nodes can verify the blockchain fully. and fully agree they have all verified all data and came to the same agreed end state yet you IDIOTS what to have this stupid diluted insecure mashup of variant nodes of one brand, where people are still reliant on one brand even if they are not fully securing the network. all so you lot can weaken bitcoins system by subversion so you lot can promote your crappy subnetwork as a 'solution' to limitations and flaws added by the devs that should not be putting these limits in but instead should be expanding and evolving bitcoin take the new RBF. nodes that have full rbf disabled. when seeing a tx. keep the first seen. and thus are left falsely thinking the tx they see pending in the GUI is the one that will confirm. yet other nodes that use RBF will reject first seen and keep the higher fee spending utxo. thus nodes will have different mempools and different trust of whats pending to be confirmed. and thus ruining the risk based tolerance of acceptance of zero confirmation. yep you lot wanted to break this zero-confirm tolerance because it impedes users that want to accept zero confirm. thus now they cant risk tolerate low value, are being told to use your stupid broke subnetwork as the replacement/solution to the zero confirm acceptance system
If you disapprove of it, create another one, which is more fair. It's doomed to be less free though, because fairness requires to dictate what's fair.
consensus is not about changing the rule and then if you dont like it, its too late go fork off to an altcoin consensus is majority without manipulation(by pre-rejection-pre orphan miscounting). then would only activate a new feature if there is agreement by the masses(get a dictionary and learn consensus) now go play with your silly subnetwork and stop abusing bitcoin with your charades that are malicious and only end goal is to ruin and stifle bitcoin to make your other silly non blockchain.non consensus network seem more attractive you malicious manipulative vile people |
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when it comes to say food/water scarcity..
what you see is fishermen are given fish quotas.
and much like farmers water quota's or industries carbon quota's..
..they end up having their own "credit" transfer system of trading unused quota's
these quota's and due to population growth decrease in supply of excess unused quota. creates a deflationary credit system
which could be measured and traded on a crypto system
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they refuse to recognise crypto business/ico models, so decline licences. but then whinge that a business/ico is not licenced
Regulators are actually damaging agents in this space. I think bad regulation is actually worse than no regulation. Or do you believe the bad regulation allowing GBTC instead of a spot ETF is better than no regulation? for me the only regulation i want to see is regulation that supports consumer protection. using the current rules and remit of SEC/CFTC and FATF just do not work in crypto.(bad regs) in short KYB(B for business) is needed more than KYC a new regulator is needed(crypto trained and crypto understanding). and its remit should be consumer protection. categorising what a business does, how a business treats its custodianised coins to then categorise whether SEC or CFTC need to get involved should the business play dirty by then being regulated, the new hybrid regulator can help the native banking industry to offer insurance products to further protect consumers of a business all done without the crappy "KYC everything" model of native regulators, that dont care about insurances to protect customers or auditing a business every quarter/monthly i do find it funny how every citizen has to be audited for tax. citizens banks give them a monthly statement but am exchange business does not need to report on its corporate accounts as much as citizens do.. when it comes to custodianising customers funds exchanges can jsut refuse to show accounts. like coinbase refuses to show "legal entities" public addresses of coins it has in custody |
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whilst the californian water authority cries with one side of the face, it is also seeking financing with the other side of the face
its next goal is to trigger a new industry
desalination of sea water to clear water
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you already posted an article of similar topic its not about limited resource. its actually about bad management of limited resource by over allocating quota's of a resource in short if a person had a 1 gallon bottle of water for his family. he as a water authority and having 5 members of family to hydrate would say each member of family gets 1 litre each and if you dont drink it all now you wont get 1litre tomorrow you will only get half a litre so each family member then chugged down their 1litre by ensuring they took their quote but.. math, science, logic there are only 4.5 litres to a gallon one member of family does not get their quota but each day instead of learning that there is only 4.5litre available. instead of fairly sharing 0.9 litres each they all act greedy and make sure they do work and expend their fluids to be able to grab tomorrows full 1litre quota. to ensure they are not the last guy thats left with half a litre and thats why drought regions STUPIDLY grow high water intensity vegetation. and things like nuts and berries even when such things should not be grown in those regions. becasue if they just grew wheat. they would saturate the land (over hydrate) it at the quote level. so they chose plants that require high hydration to ensure they take their full quota and not lose it sometimes during the off-season they would sell their excess quota. thus they still take the water but pass it on. all the time not realising its as a a regional thing a scarce resource that should be shared or saved. not used 86% of water=agriculture (6% is residential(including pools and lawns)) https://youtu.be/f0gN1x6sVTc?t=40the america west is a net exporter of food. meaning even in a desert they make too much Agricultural product exports from California totaled $13.4 billion in 2020
Imports of agricultural products, which had been increasing steadily over the last decade, fell slightly to $9.7 billion in 2020
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what he is saying is wall street is the market.
in casino terms wall street is the house
the house always wins
this is because the house does not gamble. it simply takes a chip from every deal, every hand.
its all about saying wallstreet profit from fee's, the more action/trades that happen the more wall street earn in fees
you see this with other exchanges too
if
exchange A has a 0.2% fee. its volume might be $1b = $2m fees
exchange B has a 0.1% fee. it entices volume of $2.6b = $2.6m fees
by doing things that entices users to play/invest/trade/gamble more. nets the exchange more income
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